A Monograph of the Lichen Genus Parmelina Hale - Smithsonian ...

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20 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY FIGURE 10.-Distribution of Parmefina aurzrlenta hased on all available herharium specimens. geographic areas but it does not seem significant or consistent. I did not, incidentally, recheck the terpene profiles of Pawnelia tiliacea var. efiol-esrens, P. albido-strarninea, P. subrevoluta, or P. hunanen- sis, but assumed that they have the “aurulenta” terpenes since they are sorediate and fall outside the range of P. leucotyliza. Should any of them be found to contain “subaurulenta” terpenes, the no- menclature of P. aurulenta would not change. The parent morph of Pal-melina awulenta might well be P. irl-ugans, which is identical in chemistry. It would be desirable, however, to examine more specimens of P. irrugans in relation to P. aurulenta in Japan before making a final decision. The ecology of P. aurulenta has been intensively studied in Wisconsin, an area of typical deciduous and conifer forests well within its range. For ex- ample, I found in 1955 that it occurred on 30y0 of a 2800 tree sample at the 1.3 m level on the trunk and on 21y0 at base level in mesic deciduous forests. It was most common in closed oak-hickory stands and much rarer in both open, savanna-like oak stands and in heavily shaded maple (Acer saccha- l-urn) climax forests. Parmelina aul-ulenta occurs frequently with Parmelia ruderta Acharius and Pseudopal-rnelia capel-ata (L.) Hale. In northern Wisconsin, an area of hardwood- conifer forests more comparable in climate to northern Europe, P. aurulenta had an overall fre- quency of only Il.670 at the 1.3 m level and 1.3% at the base. It avoided Pinus spp. and grew almost exclusively on Acel- and Querczis (W. Culberson, 1955). This avoidance of Pinus was demonstrated even more graphically by W. Culberson (1958) in an ecological survey exclusively of Pinus in North Carolina. Although otherwise common in this state, not a single collection was made on conifers. SPECI~IESS Ex.\xIINED.-United States and Canada: See Hale (1958384) for a map of distribution based on specimens in various American herbaria. Mexico: Michoacin, Wirth 329 (US). Brazil: Minas Gerais, Eiten 6932 (US). Europe: Russia, Vasiljeva 9 (US). Tanzania: Tanga Province, Santesson 23358, 23359 (Santesson herliarium, US). Union of South Africa: Satal, Alniboria 8071, 8079 (LD); Transvaal, Alrnborn 7225 (LD). Madagascar: des .4 bboyes (TUR), Lernaitre (H). Paki-
NUMBER 33 FIGURE 11.-Species of Parmelina: a, P. nmagiensis (Kurokawa 550058 in US); b, P. antillensis (Hale 38291); c, P. aurulentn (Hale 18941); d, P. consors (Reit- and Klein 15973 in US); e, P. crassutn (Kurofmwu 550446 in US); 1, P. cryfitochlora (Hale 37782). (Scale in mm.) 21
Page 1 and 2: SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
Page 3: Contents Page Introduction . . . .
Page 6 and 7: 2 Morphology THALISIS STRLCTURE.-Pa
Page 8 and 9: 4 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTA
Page 14 and 15: 10 S\IITHSONIAS CONTRIBUTIONS TO BO
Page 16 and 17: Jamaica: P. antillensis, P. dissect
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Page 28 and 29: 24 SSIITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BO
Page 36 and 37: nate, often becoming lobulate, cili
Page 48 and 49: 44 SSIITHSONIAX CONTRIBUTIONS TO BO
Page 50 and 51: 46 hand, occurs at higher elevation
Page 62 and 63: 58 S\iITHSOXI 4S CONTRIBUTIOSS TO B
Page 64: horrescens, 31 immiscens, 32 indica

A Monograph of the Lichen Genus Parmelina Hale - Smithsonian ...

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