A Monograph of the Lichen Genus Parmelina Hale - Smithsonian ...

nate, often becoming lobulate, ciliate, the cilia more
or less evenly dispersed, black, simple, 0.3-0.8 mm
long; upper surface shiny, emaculate, densely isidi-
ate, the isidia cylindrical, often branched and
apically spinulate or short-ciliate, in part becoming
procumbent; medulla white; lower surface black,
moderately rhizinate, the rhizines black, simple.
Apothecia rare, sessile, 2-4 mm in diameter, the
amphithecium isidiate, the disc splitting at ma-
turity; spores 8, 10-12 X 16-18 pm.
CHExmTRY.-Cortex K + yellow (atranorin); me-
dulla K -, C - or C + faint rose, KC + rose or red,
P - (trace of gyrophoric acid, “horrescens” un-
known falling above gyrophoric acid on chroma-
tographic plates, and one or two other unidentified
s PO t S) .
DIsTRIsuTIozr.-Pantemperate and montane pan-
tropical.
REMARK\.-,& discussed under P. dissecta, this
species only recently was differentiated correctly
from P. dissecta (Hale and Kurokawa, 1962:2), an
isidiate lichen with gyrophoric acid. Parmelina
horrescens is characterized by dense fine isidia with
greater or lesser development of short apical cilia
(Figure 4c). The isidia sometimes become procum-
bent and lobulate. On the whole, the lobes are
somewhat narrower and more appressed than in
P. dissecta. Parinelina horrescens has essentially the
same geographic range as P. dissecta and occurs
most abundantly in the temperate deciduous
forests of the eastern United States and Japan. It is
montane in the tropics, occurring as high as 3000 m
in the paramos of Venezuela.
The chemistry of P. horrcscens is now being
studied by several lichen chemists. A number of
unidentified spots appear in both hexane and ben-
zene solvent systems, one of which is probably a
trace of gyrophoric acid. The other spots fall above
and below gyrophoric acid and seem to represent
closely related depsides.
The parent morph of P. horrescens is probably
extinct. Chemically identical P. damaziana, a non-
isidiate Brazilian species, is larger and more robust
although obviously from the same stock as the
parent of P. horrescens. Among the parallel morphs,
both pustulate-sorediate P. subfatisceiis and lobulate
P. schindzeri are very close in lobe configuration,
adnation, and thallus texture.
SPECIMENS EX&MINED.-United States: Illinois, Skorepa 4627
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
(US); Kentucky, Hale 13743a; West Virginia, Hale 10612,
11772, 11878; Virginia, Hale 18388, 33153, Reed 9091 (Reed
herbarium), Roller 400 (US); h‘orth Carolina, Culberson
5114, 5706, 5744, 7134 (DUKE), Hale 18042, 15058, Imshaug
22174, 22178, 22353 (MSC, US); Tennessee, Hale 31106, 36921,
36959, 36970, Moore 284 (US), Phillips 358, 377 (US), Skorepa
5527 (US); South Carolina, Hale 7723; Georgia, Hale 7405,
7537, 16761, 16776, 30882, 30885; Alabama, Hale 7186, 7216,
31164, 33779, 33918, 34121, 34174, McCullough 2195 (US);
Florida, Hale 21685 (for additional records see Moore,
1968:220). Mexico: Chiapas, Hale 20204, 20223, 20400a, 20414,
20549, 21086. Guatemala: Baja Vera Paz, Hale 45828. Pan-
ama: Darien, >Vori and Gentry 4309 (US); Panami, Hale
38451. Cuba: Oriente, Imshaug 24737, 24810, 24932 (MSC).
Jamaica: Zmshnug 14216 (MSC). Dominican Republic: Cordil-
lera Central, Imshaug 23516 (MSC), Wetmore 3739 (MSC); La
T’ega, Allnrrl 17695a (US). Haiti: Ouest, Fahius 2-4 (US),
Ini.rhaug 22768, 22837, 22860 (MSC, US), Wetmore 3222
(MSC); Sud, Imshaug 23233 (MSC, US). Venezuela: Distrito
Federal, Deiinis 2394 (BM), Santesson 6679 (S); Wrida, Hale
42038, 42067, 42952, 45121, 45201. Urugna): Trienta y Tres,
Osorio 5931 (MT‘M). France: Harmand (DUKE). Spain: Ponte-
vedra, Schnurr (XI); Tenerife, Zmshazcg 34476, 35677 (MSC).
Union of South Africa: Cape Province, Alniborn 1442 (LD).
India: Tamil Nadn, Hale 43784. Philippines: Mountain Pror-
ince, Hale 26531. Indonesia: Java, Groenhart 2903 (L, US),
6279 (L), Kurokau,a 2071 (TNS). Taiwan: Kurokawa 693
(TSS). Japan: Proy. Buzen, Kiirokawa 62468, 63166 (TNS);
Prov. Kii, Kurokawa 64127 (TNS); Prov. Ohmi, Hale 29465.
Australia: Sew South \Vales, Cizeel L1708 (NSW), Craigie
(NSW). Sew Zealand: Wade 85 (BM, US).
19. Parmelina immiscens
FIGURE 16a
Pnrmelina irnmiscens (Nylander) Hale, 1974:482.
Parmelia immiscens Nylander, 1885:606 [type collection:
Orizaba, Mexico, Galeotti 6879 (PC, 1ectot)pe; isolectotype
in H, Xilander herbarium number 35674)l.
Pnrmelia michoacanensis Body de Lesdain, 1914:7 [type
collection: Jeslis del Monte, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico,
Arsene 4456 (US, lectotype; isolectotypes in COLO, DUKE,
G, LE, and UPS)].
DEscRIPTIoN.-Thallus adnate on bark, pale tur-
tle green, 5-10 cm in diameter; lobes subirregular
and apically rotund, 2-6 mm wide, the marginal
cilia mostly in the axils; upper surface plane, con-
tinuous, often pruinose near the tips; medulla
sulphur yellow; lower surface densely rhizinate,
short rhizinate and pale brown along the margins,
the rhizines simple or squarrosely branched. Apoth-
ecia numerous, adnate, the disc pale, 2-7 mm in
diameter; spores 8, 4-6 X 7-12 pm.
CmmsmY.-Cortex K + yellow (atranorin);