A Monograph of the Lichen Genus Parmelina Hale - Smithsonian ...

26 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
sis, 1888c:529 [type collection: Faxina, Brazil, Puiggari 47
(G, lectotype)].
Parmelia minarum Vainio, 1890:48.
Parmelia amazonica var. hwnotii Hue, 1899:158.
Parmelia puiggari Gyelnik, 1931:288 [based on Parmelia
lamigata var. gracilis f. furfuracea Muller Argoviensis].
Parmelia camtschadalis var. epiphylla Cengia Sambo,
1938:379.
Parmelia hubrichtii Berry, 1941:102.
[For full citation of synonymy, see Hale, 1971a:6.]
DEScRIPTIoN.-Tha1Ius adnate on bark or rock,
yellowish glaucous to pale greenish mineral gray,
3-7 cm broad: lobes sublinear-elongate, contiguous,
1-3 mm wide, the marginal cilia irregularly dis-
persed, mostly simple, to 0.7 mm long: upper sur-
face shiny, emaculate, plane to convex, moderately
to densely isidiate, the isidia cylindrical, erect,
often branched, less than 0.5 mm high; medulla
white; lower surface black, moderately rhizinate,
the rhizines black, shiny, simple or sparsely
branched. Apothecia adnate, the rim crenate, the
amphithecium isidiate: 1-4 mm in diameter: spores
8,8-10 X 12-17 pm.
CHEMIsmY.-Cortex K+ yellow (atranorin);
medulla K-, C+ rose, KC+ red, P- gyrophoric
acid with or without associated unknown sub-
stances).
DIsTRIBuTI0N.-Pantemperate and montane pan-
tropical (Figure 13).
REMAws.-This is one of the most widespread
and commonly collected species in the genus,
especially in temperate zones, occurring on a wide
variety of substrates in open, secondary forests. In
tropical regions it is strictly montane, usually being
most abundant in cloud forests up to 2300 m eleva-
tion. Morphological variation is wide, even though
the basic characters, isidia, ciliate lobes, and gyro-
phoric acid, are constant. The lobes, for example,
are narrow, sublinear, and separate in the lectotype
specimen. At the other extreme are plants such as
those collected in Dominica (Hale, 1971a) with
broader, contiguous to subimbricate lobes.
FIGURE 13.-Distribution of Parmelina dissecta based on all available herbarium specimens.