nate, <strong>of</strong>ten becoming lobulate, ciliate, <strong>the</strong> cilia more or less evenly dispersed, black, simple, 0.3-0.8 mm long; upper surface shiny, emaculate, densely isidi- ate, <strong>the</strong> isidia cylindrical, <strong>of</strong>ten branched and apically spinulate or short-ciliate, in part becoming procumbent; medulla white; lower surface black, moderately rhizinate, <strong>the</strong> rhizines black, simple. Apo<strong>the</strong>cia rare, sessile, 2-4 mm in diameter, <strong>the</strong> amphi<strong>the</strong>cium isidiate, <strong>the</strong> disc splitting at ma- turity; spores 8, 10-12 X 16-18 pm. CHExmTRY.-Cortex K + yellow (atranorin); me- dulla K -, C - or C + faint rose, KC + rose or red, P - (trace <strong>of</strong> gyrophoric acid, “horrescens” un- known falling above gyrophoric acid on chroma- tographic plates, and one or two o<strong>the</strong>r unidentified s PO t S) . DIsTRIsuTIozr.-Pantemperate and montane pan- tropical. REMARK\.-,& discussed under P. dissecta, this species only recently was differentiated correctly from P. dissecta (<strong>Hale</strong> and Kurokawa, 1962:2), an isidiate lichen with gyrophoric acid. <strong>Parmelina</strong> horrescens is characterized by dense fine isidia with greater or lesser development <strong>of</strong> short apical cilia (Figure 4c). The isidia sometimes become procum- bent and lobulate. On <strong>the</strong> whole, <strong>the</strong> lobes are somewhat narrower and more appressed than in P. dissecta. Parinelina horrescens has essentially <strong>the</strong> same geographic range as P. dissecta and occurs most abundantly in <strong>the</strong> temperate deciduous forests <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> eastern United States and Japan. It is montane in <strong>the</strong> tropics, occurring as high as 3000 m in <strong>the</strong> paramos <strong>of</strong> Venezuela. The chemistry <strong>of</strong> P. horrcscens is now being studied by several lichen chemists. A number <strong>of</strong> unidentified spots appear in both hexane and ben- zene solvent systems, one <strong>of</strong> which is probably a trace <strong>of</strong> gyrophoric acid. The o<strong>the</strong>r spots fall above and below gyrophoric acid and seem to represent closely related depsides. The parent morph <strong>of</strong> P. horrescens is probably extinct. Chemically identical P. damaziana, a non- isidiate Brazilian species, is larger and more robust although obviously from <strong>the</strong> same stock as <strong>the</strong> parent <strong>of</strong> P. horrescens. Among <strong>the</strong> parallel morphs, both pustulate-sorediate P. subfatisceiis and lobulate P. schindzeri are very close in lobe configuration, adnation, and thallus texture. SPECIMENS EX&MINED.-United States: Illinois, Skorepa 4627 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY (US); Kentucky, <strong>Hale</strong> 13743a; West Virginia, <strong>Hale</strong> 10612, 11772, 11878; Virginia, <strong>Hale</strong> 18388, 33153, Reed 9091 (Reed herbarium), Roller 400 (US); h‘orth Carolina, Culberson 5114, 5706, 5744, 7134 (DUKE), <strong>Hale</strong> 18042, 15058, Imshaug 22174, 22178, 22353 (MSC, US); Tennessee, <strong>Hale</strong> 31106, 36921, 36959, 36970, Moore 284 (US), Phillips 358, 377 (US), Skorepa 5527 (US); South Carolina, <strong>Hale</strong> 7723; Georgia, <strong>Hale</strong> 7405, 7537, 16761, 16776, 30882, 30885; Alabama, <strong>Hale</strong> 7186, 7216, 31164, 33779, 33918, 34121, 34174, McCullough 2195 (US); Florida, <strong>Hale</strong> 21685 (for additional records see Moore, 1968:220). Mexico: Chiapas, <strong>Hale</strong> 20204, 20223, 20400a, 20414, 20549, 21086. Guatemala: Baja Vera Paz, <strong>Hale</strong> 45828. Pan- ama: Darien, >Vori and Gentry 4309 (US); Panami, <strong>Hale</strong> 38451. Cuba: Oriente, Imshaug 24737, 24810, 24932 (MSC). Jamaica: Zmshnug 14216 (MSC). Dominican Republic: Cordil- lera Central, Imshaug 23516 (MSC), Wetmore 3739 (MSC); La T’ega, Allnrrl 17695a (US). Haiti: Ouest, Fahius 2-4 (US), Ini.rhaug 22768, 22837, 22860 (MSC, US), Wetmore 3222 (MSC); Sud, Imshaug 23233 (MSC, US). Venezuela: Distrito Federal, Deiinis 2394 (BM), Santesson 6679 (S); Wrida, <strong>Hale</strong> 42038, 42067, 42952, 45121, 45201. Urugna): Trienta y Tres, Osorio 5931 (MT‘M). France: Harmand (DUKE). Spain: Ponte- vedra, Schnurr (XI); Tenerife, Zmshazcg 34476, 35677 (MSC). Union <strong>of</strong> South Africa: Cape Province, Alniborn 1442 (LD). India: Tamil Nadn, <strong>Hale</strong> 43784. Philippines: Mountain Pror- ince, <strong>Hale</strong> 26531. Indonesia: Java, Groenhart 2903 (L, US), 6279 (L), Kurokau,a 2071 (TNS). Taiwan: Kurokawa 693 (TSS). Japan: Proy. Buzen, Kiirokawa 62468, 63166 (TNS); Prov. Kii, Kurokawa 64127 (TNS); Prov. Ohmi, <strong>Hale</strong> 29465. Australia: Sew South \Vales, Cizeel L1708 (NSW), Craigie (NSW). Sew Zealand: Wade 85 (BM, US). 19. <strong>Parmelina</strong> immiscens FIGURE 16a Pnrmelina irnmiscens (Nylander) <strong>Hale</strong>, 1974:482. Parmelia immiscens Nylander, 1885:606 [type collection: Orizaba, Mexico, Galeotti 6879 (PC, 1ectot)pe; isolectotype in H, Xilander herbarium number 35674)l. Pnrmelia michoacanensis Body de Lesdain, 1914:7 [type collection: Jeslis del Monte, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico, Arsene 4456 (US, lectotype; isolectotypes in COLO, DUKE, G, LE, and UPS)]. DEscRIPTIoN.-Thallus adnate on bark, pale tur- tle green, 5-10 cm in diameter; lobes subirregular and apically rotund, 2-6 mm wide, <strong>the</strong> marginal cilia mostly in <strong>the</strong> axils; upper surface plane, con- tinuous, <strong>of</strong>ten pruinose near <strong>the</strong> tips; medulla sulphur yellow; lower surface densely rhizinate, short rhizinate and pale brown along <strong>the</strong> margins, <strong>the</strong> rhizines simple or squarrosely branched. Apoth- ecia numerous, adnate, <strong>the</strong> disc pale, 2-7 mm in diameter; spores 8, 4-6 X 7-12 pm. CmmsmY.-Cortex K + yellow (atranorin);
NUMBER 33 FIGURE 16.4pecies <strong>of</strong> Parrnelina: a, P. irnrniscens (Andne 4456 in US); b, P. indica (<strong>Hale</strong> 43884); c, P. irrugans (Kurokauu 55342); ti, P. jarnesii (Du Rieti 3117:3 in US); e, P. leucotyliza (<strong>Hale</strong> 29402); f, P. lindrnnnii (Maline 450 in S). (Scale in mm.) 33
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