- Page 1 and 2: Stabilisation of water-in-oil emuls
- Page 3 and 4: Abstract The stabilisation of water
- Page 5 and 6: Contents 1 Introduction ...........
- Page 7 and 8: 4.7.1 Penetrometer Test ...........
- Page 9 and 10: Figures Fig. 1.1. The global cosmet
- Page 11 and 12: Fig. 5.18. DSC Thermograms for the
- Page 13 and 14: Fig. 5.36. Changes in the viscoelas
- Page 15 and 16: Table. 5.6. Emulsion based Lipstick
- Page 17 and 18: Symbols α Alpha β Beta β’ Beta
- Page 19 and 20: provide additional moisture for the
- Page 21 and 22: 1.1 Layout of the Thesis This Thesi
- Page 23 and 24: more than 2 to 3 applications daily
- Page 25: O HO O C H 3 CH 3 O OH O O O Molecu
- Page 29 and 30: C H 3 C H 3 Molecular Formula = C 6
- Page 31 and 32: the long chains. Due to its structu
- Page 33 and 34: and subsequent infections. This can
- Page 35 and 36: In order to attain a state of minim
- Page 37 and 38: which there is an excess of opposit
- Page 39 and 40: By applying the HLB system, one wil
- Page 41 and 42: 2.7 Emulsion stability & instabilit
- Page 43 and 44: (Voorhees, 1992; Dickinson, Ritzoul
- Page 45 and 46: chains are in free rotation and pre
- Page 47 and 48: (a) (b) (c) Fig. 2.7. Double chain
- Page 49 and 50: prevented by the addition of crysta
- Page 51 and 52: 2.9 Microbial stability & Origin of
- Page 53 and 54: There are a number of important fac
- Page 55 and 56: which of course is an important con
- Page 57 and 58: ideal for assessing not only the de
- Page 59 and 60: 3 Materials 3.1 Waxes & Emulsifiers
- Page 61 and 62: With the continuous phase being oil
- Page 63 and 64: melting point range in order to mai
- Page 65 and 66: The moulds were then placed in a fr
- Page 67 and 68: Table. 4.2. IFT Procedure settings
- Page 69 and 70: 4.4 Emulsion Lipstick Preparation F
- Page 71 and 72: The water was transferred directly
- Page 73 and 74: emulsions were taken in triplicate
- Page 75 and 76: d0,0; number-weighted mean (e.g. NM
- Page 77 and 78:
4.7 Texture Profile Analysis - TA T
- Page 79 and 80:
4.7.2 Compression Test The second m
- Page 81 and 82:
4.7.3 Rheology Rheological non-dest
- Page 83 and 84:
critical micelle concentration (CMC
- Page 85 and 86:
Interfacial Tension (mN/m) 10 CMC -
- Page 87 and 88:
Sorbitan Hydrophilic portion (Water
- Page 89 and 90:
HO O O O O Water droplet O O O O HO
- Page 91 and 92:
5.3.2 Wax selection for Simplified
- Page 93 and 94:
5.3.3 Thermo-physical Characteristi
- Page 95 and 96:
Heat Flow Endo/Exo (mW) 2% PGPR DSC
- Page 97 and 98:
Heat Flow Endo/Exo (mW) 2% Span 80
- Page 99 and 100:
Table. 5.3. Thermo-physical charact
- Page 101 and 102:
Relative frequency Emulsion Stabili
- Page 103 and 104:
drainage and rupture. In spite of t
- Page 105 and 106:
Table. 5.4. Emulsion based Lipstick
- Page 107 and 108:
Table. 5.6. Emulsion based Lipstick
- Page 109 and 110:
Table. 5.8. Emulsion based Lipstick
- Page 111 and 112:
the emulsification process along wi
- Page 113 and 114:
Fig. 5.29. 30 wt% water content wit
- Page 115 and 116:
Fig. 5.33. Cryo-SEM micrograph of H
- Page 117 and 118:
no doubt give rise to a much denser
- Page 119 and 120:
Table. 5.9. Texture profile penetro
- Page 121 and 122:
Table. 5.10. Compression firmness d
- Page 123 and 124:
Although no emulsions were prepared
- Page 125 and 126:
G' & G'' (Pa) x 10 5 Viscoelastic p
- Page 127 and 128:
Table. 5.11. Viscoelastic moduli, G
- Page 129 and 130:
potentially reduce microbial spoila
- Page 131 and 132:
Appendix The following Figures; 5.9
- Page 133 and 134:
Heat Flow Endo/Exo (mW) 5 4 3 2 1 0
- Page 135 and 136:
Heat Flow Endo/Exo (mW) 2.0 1.5 1.0
- Page 137 and 138:
References Adamczyk, S., Lázaro, R
- Page 139 and 140:
Dweck, A. C., & Burnham, C. A. M. (
- Page 141 and 142:
Kobayashi, H., & Tagami, H. (2004).
- Page 143 and 144:
Pourreza, N., & Rastegarzadeh, S. (