Engineering geology of British rocks and soils Mudstones of the ...

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Plasticity index (%) Plasticity index (%) Plasticity index (%) Plasticity index (%) 50 40 30 20 10 0 50 40 30 20 10 0 50 40 30 20 10 0 40 30 20 10 0 0 WG 2 WG 2/3 WG 3 WG 3a WG Rw 10 20 30 40 Plastic limit (%) 0 WG 3b 10 20 30 40 Plastic limit (%) 40 0 WG 3/4a WG 4 WG 4a WG 4b Figure 7.7 Plot of plastic limit, W P vs. plasticity index I P, (subdivided by weathering zone, WG). 10 20 30 40 Plastic limit (%)
Plasticity index (%) Plasticity index (%) Plasticity index (%) 50 40 30 20 10 0 40 30 20 10 0 40 30 20 10 Area 1 LKM Area 1 LKSB Area 1 MKM Area 2 Area 3 Twm 0 0 10 20 30 40 0 10 20 30 40 0 10 20 30 40 weathering zone), but this is not universal, and is not always seen from one weathering zone to the next. Area 2, for which there is the largest number of data, shows that plasticity index increases by 5% from Weathering Zones 2 to 4b, but only by 1% from Zones 2 to 4a/4b. In contrast to the liquid and plastic limit results, the plasticity index data for the Edwalton Formation of Area 8 (Nottinghamshire and south Derbyshire) are not significantly higher than those for the other formations in this area. The plasticity plot for this formation (Figure 7.8) also shows considerable scatter compared with the other formations, also with many data points lying below the A line. The Casagrande plot (Figure 7.6) and special bubble plots subdivided by area and formation (Figures 7.7 and 7.8, and 41 Area 4 Area 5 Area 6 Area 7 Plastic limit (%) Plastic limit (%) Plastic limit (%) Figure 7.8 (above and overleaf) Plot of plastic limit, W P vs. plasticity index I P, (subdivided by area). key Figure 7.9), show different distributions of data on the plots and a wide range of plasticity classes from low to high. Area 1 has a particularly wide range with a clear trend of increasing plasticity from ‘low plasticity’ for the Lower Keuper Marl (LKM), through ‘intermediate’ for the Lower Keuper Saliferous Beds (LKSB), to ‘intermediate’ and ‘high’ for the Middle Keuper Marl (MKM). Area 2 has a similar shape but, albeit with a much larger dataset, shows a dense concentration at the ‘low plasticity’ end, and without the highest Area 1, MKM values. Area 8 shows a distinction between the Edwalton and other formations, the former having a tendency for greater scatter and overall higher plasticities. Area 9 has a tendency for ‘high’ plasticity and an almost total absence of data points in the ‘low plasticity’
Page 1: Engineering geology of British rock
Page 4 and 5: BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY The full
Page 6 and 7: Summary This report is the second o
Page 9 and 10: Contents Summary iv Preface v 1 Int
Page 11 and 12: 1 Introduction 1.1 BACKGROUND TO TH
Page 13 and 14: JURASSIC 205 5Ma Rhaetian TRIASSIC
Page 15 and 16: 5 Wessex Basin Somerset/Avon Worces
Page 17 and 18: Mendips and Charnwood Forest, the M
Page 19 and 20: minor amounts of disseminated, fine
Page 21 and 22: 11 South Devon Dolomite Calcite Cal
Page 23 and 24: 13 Illite South Devon Chlorite Illi
Page 25 and 26: BOLLIN MUDSTONE FORMATION The lower
Page 27 and 28: The chlorite content decreases slig
Page 29 and 30: 4 Geotechnical literature review 4.
Page 31 and 32: ( 1-3 )lb/sq.in. VOLUMETRIC STRAIN
Page 33 and 34: Table 4.3 Typical values for the en
Page 35 and 36: material to fully plastic for Zone
Page 37 and 38: 5 Drilling and sampling 5.1 INTRODU
Page 39 and 40: 6 Database design and method of ana
Page 41 and 42: 6.5 DATA ANALYSIS The data should b
Page 43 and 44: 5-9 10-24 25-99 100-499 >500 Number
Page 45 and 46: dry or wet sieving and the fine fra
Page 47 and 48: Plasticity index (%) 50 45 40 35 30
Page 49: Plasticity index (%) Plastic limit
Page 53 and 54: 40 30 20 10 Low Interm. High V.High
Page 55 and 56: tion agents may be unsuited to alka
Page 57 and 58: Depth (m) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Page 59 and 60: Depth (m) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 s' (kP
Page 61 and 62: the ratio c u / N with decreasing p
Page 63 and 64: Table 7.5 Typical permeabilities of
Page 65 and 66: in situ condition as possible, wher
Page 67 and 68: 8 In situ testing 8.1 INTRODUCTION
Page 69 and 70: the UK) by the Building Research Es
Page 71 and 72: 9 Conclusions 9.1 GEOLOGY The Merci
Page 73 and 74: differences in the reported values
Page 75 and 76: References AMBROSE, K. 1989. Geolog
Page 77 and 78: Coastal and Engineering Geology Gro
Page 79 and 80: WILLIAMS, A A B, and DONALDSON, G W
Page 81 and 82: INDEX TESTS — Natural moisture co
Page 83 and 84: Natural moisture content (NMC, w %)
Page 85 and 86: Bulk density, BD (Mg/m 3 ) — AREA
Page 87 and 88: INDEX TESTS — Dry density Dry den
Page 89 and 90: Liquid limit (LL) — AREA 4 No. St
Page 91 and 92: Liquid limit (%) 100 80 60 40 20 0
Page 93 and 94: Plastic limit, PL (%) — AREA 7 St
Page 95 and 96: Plasticity index, PI (%) — AREA 2
Page 97 and 98: Plasticity index, PI (%) — AREA 9
Page 99 and 100: Liquidity index (LI) — AREA 7 No.
Page 101 and 102:
Total sulphates, TS (%) — AREA 8
Page 103 and 104:
Aqueous sulphates, AS (%) — AREA
Page 105 and 106:
pH — AREA 8 Stratig. &/or weath.
Page 107 and 108:
Point load (axial), PLA (MPa) — A
Page 109 and 110:
STRENGTH TESTS — Uniaxial compres
Page 111 and 112:
Undrained cohesion, CU (kPa) — AR
Page 113 and 114:
Compaction, OMC (%) — AREA 9 No.
Page 115 and 116:
Standard penetration test, SPT (N)
Page 117:
BGS Research Report RR/01/02 Engine
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