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Tax knowledge and tax compliance determinants in self assessment

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<strong>and</strong> All<strong>in</strong>gham <strong>and</strong> S<strong>and</strong>mo, 1972). Thus, <strong>in</strong> conclusion, based on Jackson <strong>and</strong> Milliron<br />

(1986): Kesselman (1994): Kasipillai <strong>and</strong> Jabbar (2003) non-<strong>compliance</strong> is def<strong>in</strong>ed for<br />

the purpose of this study as failure to comply with <strong>tax</strong> laws <strong>and</strong>/or report <strong>in</strong>correct<br />

<strong>in</strong>come, the act of claim<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>correct deductions, relief <strong>and</strong> rebates <strong>and</strong>/or pay<strong>in</strong>g the<br />

<strong>in</strong>correct amount of <strong>tax</strong> beyond the stipulated time frame.<br />

As the literature cited has therefore shown, <strong>tax</strong> <strong>compliance</strong> is a wide concept <strong>and</strong> can be<br />

viewed from many perspectives, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g public f<strong>in</strong>ance, economic, legal <strong>and</strong> also<br />

psychological. James <strong>and</strong> Alley (2004) suggested two contrast<strong>in</strong>g approaches perta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g<br />

to <strong>tax</strong> <strong>compliance</strong> as a summary of the extremes of ways of def<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g this topic (as<br />

illustrated <strong>in</strong> Table 4.1).<br />

158

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