USF RO ManualOMRX_6.pdf

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RX Manual 04/04 Rev. 6 WARRANTY Products or components manufactured by companies other than USFilter or its affiliates (“Non-USFilter Products”) are covered by the Warranty, if any, extended by the Product manufacturer. USFilter hereby assigns to the purchaser any such warranty: however, USF EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTY, WHETHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED THAT THE NON-USF PRODUCTS ARE MERCHANTABLE OR FIT FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. USFilter 6-2
RX Manual 04/04 Rev. 6 APPENDIX 7.1 GLOSSARY OF TERMS 7.0 APPENDIX The terms commonly used in reverse osmosis are defined below: ANION - Negatively charged ion, such as CO3 -- , SO4 -- , HCO3 -- , Cl - , NO3 - , etc. CATION - Positively charged ion, such as Ca ++ , Mg ++ , Fe ++ , Na + , K + , etc. CONCENTRATE (REJECT) - Concentrated portion of the feed remaining outside the membrane which is discarded. CONDUCTIVITY - A measure of salt concentration due to the ability of dissolved solids (ions) to conduct electricity, usually expressed as micromhos/cm. FEED - The feedwater pumped into a permeator under high-pressure. OSMOSIS - Osmosis is the diffusion of a solvent (such as pure water) from a dilute saline solution into a more concentrated saline solution through a semipermeable membrane separating the two solutions. OSMOTIC HEAD - Osmotic head (pressure) is the change in head resulting from water transport through the semipermeable membrane separating two saline solutions of different concentrations. PASSAGE - Ratio of permeate to feed concentration of a particular dissolved material, expressed in percent. PERMEATE (PRODUCT) - The purified portion of the feed passing through the membrane. RECOVERY - Percent of feedwater converted into permeate. REVERSE OSMOSIS (RO) - The process by which incoming fluid (feed) is forced under highpressure through a reverse osmosis membrane. A portion of the fluid with concentrated ionic materials (concentrate) remains upstream of the membrane and is discarded (unless it is of interest in a particular application). The highly purified portion (permeate) which passed through the membrane would then be collected for use (as in a water purification application). REVERSE OSMOSIS (RO) MEMBRANE - An RO membrane is a semipermeable membrane generally in sheet or hollow fiber form which rejects not only dissolved materials, but also organics, submicron size colloidal materials and bacteria which may contaminate a high purity water system. The process is not absolute and therefore most reverse osmosis membranes are defined by their rejection characteristics. SOLUTE - Material (salts) dissolved by solvent (water). TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS - Total dissolved inorganic salts present in the permeator stream USFilter 7-1
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