Te Māoritanga WELLBEING AND IDENTITY Kapa Haka as a Vehicle

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Attestation of Authorship “I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person (except where explicitly defined in the acknowledgements), nor material which to a substantial extent has been submitted for the award of any otherdegree or diploma of a university or other institution of higher learning." Signed: Maria Paenga vi
Abstract This dissertation is aimed at researching the relationship between wellbeing and identity for Māori. The research is investigating the traditional philosophies and practices that kapa haka (Māori performing arts) contribute towards wellbeing and identity as processes for Māori, that can be utilised in Māori health promotion. The state of Māori Health has been well documented by authors of recent times, but limited research exists around the concept that a secure identity aids in wellbeing for Māori. The research was based in two paradigms; Te Ao Māori and Te Ao Mārama. Each has its own methodologies, methods and analytical processes, and are both found in the Te Ao Māori 1 worldview. These two paradigmatical approaches were taken in order to highlight the differences between researching traditional Māori knowledge, and Māori knowledge that stems from a contemporary Māori paradigm (Te Ao Māori paradigm) in research. The Te Ao Mārama paradigm is removed from contemporary influences in order to research the attributes, gifts and acts of Atua Māori 2 in the contexts of humanity (the human body) and the natural physical environment. Two methodological approaches were used; Kaupapa Māori under the Te Ao Māori paradigm, and Whakapapa/whakaheke 3 under the Te Ao Mārama paradigm. One method involved conducting interviews which were then thematically analysed using Kaupapa Māori analysis, and under Te Ao Mārama, whakapapa/whakaheke was analysed using wānanga 4 as an analytical process. Two distinct streams of knowledge were discovered, both different in outcome, but both found relevance in Māori health promotion through the vehicle of kapa haka. The outcomes that came out of the Te Ao Māori paradigm and methodology were very much around kapa haka and the process of participating in kapa haka. The major findings were that kapa haka is an important vehicle for; the learning 1 Te Ao Māori = The Māori worldview 2 Atua Māori = Gods that Māori people are descended from. 3 Whakapapa/whakaheke = Geneology of humans, and geneology of Atua Māori 4 Wānanga = Time and space intended to dissect, resect and repiece Māori knowledge of specificity and relevance to the subject under focus. Can occur in a group or in an individual (Royal, 1998). vii
Page 1 and 2: Te Māoritanga WELLBEING AND IDENTI
Page 3 and 4: Takutaku Kura kura kura e Ka hiihir
Page 5: Dedication E tika ana ki a whakahok
Page 9 and 10: TABLE OF CONTENTS Takutaku iii He M
Page 11: Chapter Eight Chapter Nine 7.9. Te
Page 14 and 15: 1.0. Introduction 1.1. Positioning
Page 16 and 17: All of the above led me to arrive a
Page 18 and 19: 2.0. Māori Identity CHAPTER TWO Th
Page 20 and 21: attributes that contribute to ‘be
Page 22 and 23: 2.2. Māori health status Significa
Page 24 and 25: dental conditions, injuries, pneumo
Page 26 and 27: positive concept emphasising social
Page 28 and 29: for youth. This suggests that their
Page 30 and 31: “This chiefly language has its ow
Page 32 and 33: Royal (1998) gifts the following wh
Page 34 and 35: Table 4: Māori health promotion (R
Page 36 and 37: • access to social resources such
Page 38 and 39: Since its inception in 1999, Te Pae
Page 40 and 41: way of looking at heath (World Heal
Page 42 and 43: Concept The process of enabling peo
Page 44 and 45: of different facets of their lives.
Page 46 and 47: Although Waiata-a-ringa (action son
Page 48 and 49: Kapa haka and traditional Māori li
Page 50 and 51: of knowledge housed underneath diff
Page 52 and 53: een identified (Paenga, 2007), and
Page 54 and 55: • To Listen • Rhythm • Melody
Page 56 and 57:
These techniques are relevant to ea
Page 58 and 59:
influence, whilst preserving Kaupap
Page 60 and 61:
eference for their research, and is
Page 62 and 63:
“Defining kaupapa Māori research
Page 64 and 65:
Kaupapa Māori framework”. As an
Page 66 and 67:
In this study, locating the phenome
Page 68 and 69:
5.7. Wānanga as analysis In this s
Page 70 and 71:
which Traditional Māori knowledge
Page 72 and 73:
sampling strategy consisted of both
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judging kapa haka. She currently wo
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and is therefore protected from tho
Page 78 and 79:
Table 7 - Taxonomy of Māori Resear
Page 80 and 81:
7.0. Findings and discussion CHAPTE
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The delivery of kapa haka, accordin
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than aroha, aroha ki te tangata, an
Page 86 and 87:
7.4. Identity As previously mention
Page 88 and 89:
“….they couldn’t keep in time
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What some may consider grotesque mo
Page 92 and 93:
new dimension to, you know you can
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that’s not what they’re really
Page 96 and 97:
“You know he’s not a drinker as
Page 98 and 99:
willing Māori who want to do somet
Page 100 and 101:
Role modelling behaviours that espo
Page 102 and 103:
This section outlines the whakapapa
Page 104 and 105:
7.8 Analysis of the Atua - Tūmatau
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Te Karere a Pūhoro “Te Pūtanga
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The Rongo-a-Marae is the masculine
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stages of Te Mahau-a Whiro, Tūmata
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The tutor explains and sets achieve
Page 114 and 115:
here are dependant on the persons e
Page 116 and 117:
weapon. In the context of kapa haka
Page 118 and 119:
Pūkenga Skill Distention and manip
Page 120 and 121:
8.0. Discussion - The Role of Healt
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whole ‘whakaeke’ or entry onto
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facilitation of Maori entry into th
Page 126 and 127:
This research investigated the trad
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Whaarere whaarere whaarere Whaia te
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Cunningham, C. (2003) .Application
Page 132 and 133:
Specific Cultural Group such as Mao
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New Zealand: Longman/Pearson Educat
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moves on: Aspects of Māoritanga. (
Page 138 and 139:
(1998). Forming a cultural identity
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GLOSSARY OF MAORI TERMS Āhei - Ong
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Te Reo Māori - The Māori language
Page 144 and 145:
Appendix B Consent Form Project tit
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Te Māoritanga WELLBEING AND IDENTITY Kapa Haka as a Vehicle

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