linguistic structures - Professor Binkert's Webpage - Oakland ...

Summary of English Sounds and Spelling ....................................90
Exercises for Chapter Two ...............................................92
Appendix A: Answers to Transcription Exercises .....................103
Appendix B: Phonological Rules ..................................108
Appendix C: Slash–dash Notation .................................111
Appendix D: Phonology Problem ..................................112
Appendix E: Morphology Problem .................................113
Appendix F: English Vowel Shift..................................114
Appendix G: English Morphology .................................115
Chapter Three: Syntax .......................................................117
3.1 Linguistic Argumentation Revisited .................................117
3.1.1 Linguistic Argumentation: Sentence Types ......................117
3.1.2 Linguistic Argumentation: Parts of Speech ......................120
3.1.3 Linguistic Argumentation: Phrases ............................121
3.1.4 Linguistic Argumentation: Strategies ..........................123
3.2 Ordering Constraints .............................................124
3.2.1 Testing Hypotheses: Reference, Omission, Placement .............125
3.2.2 Language and Memory .....................................126
3.3 Traditional and Structural Grammar .................................127
3.4 Tense and the Internal Structure of Sentences..........................133
3.5 Determiners and the Internal Structure of Noun Phrases .................137
3.5.1 Abstract Elements: Ø .......................................138
3.5.2 Phrase Structure Rules: First Proposal ..........................142
3.6 The Endocentricity Constraint......................................145
3.7 The Lexicon ....................................................147
3.8 A Note on Scientific Inquiry .......................................150
3.9 X–bar Syntax ...................................................152
3.10 Generalizing Phrase Structure: S and NP .............................157
3.11 Adjuncts (Modifiers) and Complements ..............................159
3.12 Residential Grammar (RG) ........................................170
Figure Eight: Features for English Morphosyntactic Categories .................183
3.13 Transformational Generative Grammar ...............................191
3.14 Nontransformational Generative Grammar ............................194
3.15 Command Relations in Phrase Structure ..............................195
3.16 Empty Categories ................................................197
3.16 The English Auxiliary ............................................203
3.16.1 The Facts and Generalizations ................................203
3.16.2 Problems with the Classic TG Analysis ........................206
3.16.3 Resolution ...............................................214
3.16.4 Summary of Nominals and Verbals in RG ......................217
3.16.5 Parses Illustrating the English Auxiliary ........................218
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