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Cassiinae pt 1 NY-Botanical_gardens_Vol. 35_1 - Copy.pdf - Antbase

Cassiinae pt 1 NY-Botanical_gardens_Vol. 35_1 - Copy.pdf - Antbase

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14 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [VOL. <strong>35</strong><br />

C. fistula is isolated, aU native sympatric species being referable to ser. Obolo­<br />

spermae, which have persistent bracts, internaUy dry pods and seeds embedded<br />

in a corky disc. It is equally alone as an immigrant among American cassias<br />

which, if simUar in pod or deciduous bracts or both, have grooved perioles and<br />

resupinate antepetalous anthers. The few large leaflets induced Bentham to associate<br />

C. fistula with American C. spruceana (and synonymous C. sagotiana)<br />

in an informal group; but examples of mutual size-number adjustments in leaflets<br />

of Cassieae are so frequent that we have learned to look elsewhere for sure<br />

indications of consanguinity.<br />

1. Cassia fistula Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 377. 1753.—''Habitat in India, ^gy<strong>pt</strong>o."—<br />

Described first by Linnaeus in 1737 (Hort. Cliffort. 158, Cassia No.<br />

2) and again in 1747 (Fl. Zeylan. 63) from a spm in Hermann's her­<br />

barium, but the conce<strong>pt</strong> enriched from the first by earher descri<strong>pt</strong>ions<br />

of Bauhin (whence the epithet), J. Commelijn (Hort. Med. Amstel. 1:<br />

215, t. 110. 1697) and Rheede tot Draakestein (Hort. Ind. Malabar. 1:<br />

t. 22. 1686).—Lectoholotypus (Fawcett & Rendel, 1920, p. 102, con­<br />

firmed by DeWit, 1955, p. 209), Hermann s.n., BM (hb. Hermann.).—<br />

A If from Cliffort's garden survives in Herb. Cliff., Cassia No. 1, BM!<br />

and another, source unknown, in LINN 528/12 (as 'C. falcata')\—<br />

Cathartocarpus fistula (Linnaeus) Persoon, Syn. Pl. 1: 459. 1805. Bac­<br />

tyrilobium fistula (Linnaeus) WUldenow, Enum. hort. berol. 440. 1809.<br />

Cassia excelsa Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6 (fol): 267. 1824.—". . . prope<br />

Porto-Cabeho et in convallibus Araguensium [n. Venezuela] . . ."—Holotypus, P-HBK!—<br />

Cassia bonplandiana DeCandolle, Prod. 2: 490. 1825, a legitimate substitute (non C. excelsa<br />

Schrader, 1821). Cathartocarpus excelsus (Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth) G. Don, Gen.<br />

Hist. Diehl. Pl. 2: 453. 1832.—Equated with C. fistula by Bentham, 1870, p. 92.<br />

Cassia fistuloides Colladon, Hist. Cass. 87, t. 1. 1816.—"Hab. in calidis Mexici.'—Described<br />

from plate and manuscri<strong>pt</strong> of Sesse & Mocifio, Fl. Nov. Hisp., the plate, long lost, copied<br />

at G.—Lectotypotypus, Hb. Sess. & Moc. 1141 & 1146, MA!—Cathartocarpus fistuloides<br />

(Colladon) G. Don, Gen. Hist. Diehl. Pl. 2: 454. 1832.—Equated with C. fistula by Bentham,<br />

1870, p. 92.<br />

Cassia fistula sensu Bentham, 1871, p. 514; Sesse & Mociiio, Pl. Nov. Hisp. 59. 1893; Schery,<br />

1951, p. 44, fig. 117; DeWit, 1955, p. 207-212, q.v. for exhaustive citation of literature,<br />

synonymy based on Old World types, and discussion of ecology and dispersal in Asia; Isely,<br />

1975, p. 96, map 39 (cuh. in Florida).<br />

Slender deciduous or semideciduous trees potentially attaining 20 m and trunk<br />

diam up to 6 dm but often flowering as treelets, with smooth gray bark and<br />

narrowly ascending, then out- or downwardly arching branches, the livid annotinous<br />

branchlets ridged and lenticellate, the hornotinous ones together with lvs<br />

(exce<strong>pt</strong> the somerimes glabrous upper face of lfts) and axes of inflorescence aU<br />

finely minutely puberulent or thinly pUosulous with appressed or less often<br />

spreading-incurved hairs up to 0.05-0.2(-0.25) mm, the incipient lvs and fl-buds<br />

transiently silky-canescent, the amply chartaceous lfts bicolored, rich green and<br />

(dry) dull or sublustrous above, paUid or subglaucescent beneath, the openly<br />

many-fld, pliantly pendulous racemes of large yellow fragrant fls arising, singly,<br />

geminate or paniculately few-branched, directly from annorinous branchlets and<br />

± coeval with fall of old and flush of new foUage.<br />

Stipules erect appressed, broadly or narrowly subulate 1-2 mm, caducous before<br />

expansion of associated If.<br />

Lvs, disregarding the often depauperate first If of annual growth,<br />

(1.5-)2-5.5(-6.2) dm; petiole including wrinkled pulvinus 4-7.5(-9) cm, at middle

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