Cassiinae pt 1 NY-Botanical_gardens_Vol. 35_1 - Copy.pdf - Antbase

64 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN [VOL. 35
SENNA [K. Bauhin] P. MiUer
Senna [K. Bauhin] P. MiUer, Gard. Diet., Abr. ed. 4, vol. 3. 1754, sensu magnopere
ampUat. Irwin & Barneby in PolhiU & Raven, 1981, p. 105.—
Generitypus: ''Senna alexandrina sive foliis acutis C[aspar] B[auhin]
P[inax 397]" = Senna alexandrina P. MiUer, 176S.—Cassia sect. Sen­
na [Tournefort] DeCandoUe ex Colladon, Hist. Casses 92. 1816. Cas­
sia subgen. Senna Bentham in Martius, Fl. Bras. 15(2): 96. 1870;
Trans. Linn. Soc. London 27: 513, 518. 1871.
Senna sensu Gaertner, Fruct. sem. pl. 2: 312, t. 146, fig. 4. 1791; Link, Handbuch 2: 139. 1831;
Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, 2: 339. 1832.
Cassia sect. Senna sensu Bentham in Bentham & Hooker, Gen. Pl. 1(2): 139. 1865.
General characters of subtribe Cassiinae, with these parricular ones: pedicels
ebracteolate (except S. peralteana and S. paradictyon); androecium (Fig. 10, 11)
zygomorphic, funcrionaUy 4-10-merous, the stamens ± graduated in length from
ad- to abaxial side of fl, the 3 adaxial stamens (except in Palaeotropic sect. Psi­
lorhegma) staminodal, the (6-)7 fertUe anthers basifixed, usuaUy modified into
heteromorphic sets of 4 median and (2-)3 abaxial (these lacking in S. hayesiana),
all beakless or variably beaked or appendaged at apex, where dehiscent by 2
separate or confluent pores or short shts, the thecae either glabrous or pubescent
but not ciholate along the lateral (closed) sutures; pod either dehiscent or indehiscent,
if the former inerdy so through both sutures, the valves not elasticaUy
coihng, when indehiscent either breaking up into 1-seeded achenehke segments
or the seeds released only by rotting of the valves; seed-funicle filiform; seedcoat
commonly but not always areolate, never serially pitted.—Trees, shrubs,
herbs, some monocarpic, the roots often blackish, lacking bacterial nodules;
extrafloral nectaries (Fig. 9), when present, ovoid, globose, claviform or phalloid,
excreting nectar from convex surface (plane in petiolar gland of S. kuhlmannii);
foliage often foetid; lfts 1-many pairs or lvs rarely (except for transient eophylls)
absent or (in AustraUa) phyllodal; inflorescence of 1-many-fld racemes, these
axillary from hornotinous stems or sometimes cauliforous, then either sohtary or
paniculate; hypanthium sohd, shallowly bowl-shaped or slenderly vase-shaped,
often not externally differentiated from pedicel; calyx-lobes either equal or
strongly graduated, the inner then longer, mostly obtuse; petals (in America al­
ways) yeUow, rarely white, drying either yeUow (brown) or whitish dark-veined,
the corolla either zygomorphic or irregular, one abaxial petal then highly modified
either as a flag or as an androecial shield, the vexUlar petal almost always interior
in praeflorarion; pistU either centric or enantiostylous; ovules 5-266; stigma punc­
tiform or dilated and cupular, usually cUiolate; pod (Fig. 12-14) highly variable
in length, texture and compression, primirively piano-compressed, becoming turgid,
angulate, terete, or rarely either its valves or its sutures winged lengthwise,
the valves sometimes crested or otherwise elevated over seeds, the dry or pulpfilled
cavity continuous or commonly transversely septate, the valves commonly
conrinu ous, sometimes breaking up into panels or into indehiscent achenehke
segments; seeds free or (Madagascan Senna perrieri Ghesqu.) adherent to the
endocarp, mostly 1-, less often 2-, exceptionally 4-seriate, either transverse or
basipetal in orientation, lying broadside either to the valves or to the interseminal
septa, their testa naked or wax-coated (crackled when ripe), smooth or irregularly
pitted, areolate or not; 2n = 22, 23, 26, 28.—Spp. ±260, about "^/s's American,
these referred below to 35 series in 6 sections, the whole genus circumtropical
but extending into warm temperate, temperate desert-grassland and exceprionaUy