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Earth Science Frontiers, Vol. 17, Special Issue, Aug. 2010 ISSN 1005-2321 Progress on the Study of the Terrestrial Jurassic in Western Liaoning, NE China 136 Baoyu Jiang 1 , Xiaogang Yao 2 , Yazhuo Niu 1 , Xin Yao 2 , Qijian Li 2 1. State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China (E-mail: byjiang@nju.edu.cn) 2. Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Academia Sinica, 210008 Nanjing, China The Lower and Middle Jurassic in western Liao- ning consist of two volcanic- or volcaniclastic- dominated rocks and a coal bearing deposits in between, containing all kinds of fossils, such as plants, sporo- pollen, bivalves, conchostracans. The lower volcanic- or volcaniclastic-dominated rocks, the Xinglonggou Formation, are sporadically outcropped in western Liaoning. The coal-bearing Beipiao Formation contains mainly megaplants and sporo-pollen. The megaplants of the Biepiao Fomation belong to the Early – Middle Jurassic Coniopteris – Phoenicopsis flora of northern China (Si and Zhou, 1962). The sporopollen of Beipiao Formation belongs to late Early Jurassic Cyathidites – Cycadopites – Paleoconiferus assemblage of north China (Song and Shang, 2000). The upper volcanic- or volcaniclastic-dorminated rocks are much more widely exposed in western Liaoning, including the Haifanggou and Lanqi formations. The Haifanggou and Lanqi formations contain the Unio—Ferganoconcha bivalve assemblage, which belongs to the Early -Middle Jurassic Lamprotula (Eolamprotula) cremeri –Kija (=Pseudocardinia) kweichouensis fauna of northern China (Gu, 1982). The megaplants belong to the early Middle Jurassic (Haifanggou Formation) and the late Middle Jurassic (Lanqi Formation) assemblages of the Coniopteris – Phoenicopsis flora. Sporo-pollen of the Haifanggou and Lanqi formations belong to the Middle Jurassic Cyathidites – Cycadopites – Classopollis assemblage of north China (Song and Shang, 2000). The recently discovered volcanic Daohugou Bed, which located at the joint area of Liaoning, Hebei and Inner Mongolia, contains insects, conchostracans, plants, vertebrates, and other invertebrate fossils. The Daohugou Bed was once erroneously considered as belonging to the Yixian formation by Wang et al., (2000) and Wang (2000) based on their comparison of the vertebrate fossils in both horizons. However, more and more paleontological and radiometric evidences show that the bed should be included into the Haifanggou Formation which is correlated with the Jiulongshan Formation in the northern Hebei province. Vertebrate fossils include the amphibians Jeholotriton paradoxus(Wang Yuan, 2000),Chunerpeton tianyien- sis (Gao and Shubin, 2003) , Liaoxitriton daohugouensis (Wang, 2004), pterosaurs Jeholopterus ningchengensis (Wang et al., 2002), Pterorhychus wellnhofers (Czerkas and Ji, 2002.), dinosaurs Epiden- drosaurus ningchengensis (Zhang et al., 2002.), Pedo- penna daohugouensis (Xu and Zhang, 2005), and early mammals (mammaliaform) Castorocauda lutra- similis(Ji et al., 2006).The Daohugou Bed produces conchostracans Euestheria ziliujingensis, E. haifang- gouensis, E. jingyuanensis and E. luanpingensis. These fossils belong to the early Middle Jurassic Euestheria ziliujingensis fauna of China (Shen et al., 2003). The Daohugou Bed produces bivalve Ferganoconcha sibirica, which belongs to the Early- Middle Jurassic F. sibirica – Unio Shuangmiaoensis assemblage and the Middle Jurassic Kija-Ferganoconcha assemblage of Yanshan-Liaoning Region (Yu and Yao, 1989; Jiang, 2006). The Daohugou Bed produces a large amount of insects. Ren et al. (2002), Rasnitsyn and Zhang (2004) and Huang et al. (2006) compared the present insect fauna with that of central Asia and Europe, especially the Karatau of Kazakhstan, and concluded a Middle Jurassic age of the insect fauna. The Upper Jurassic Tuchengzi Formation consists of mainly red sediments, containing rare conchostracans and sporo-pollen. Conchostracans include Nestoria reticulate (Chernyshev), N. orbita (chen), and Mesolimnadia jinlingsiensis Chen, which belong to the Pseudograpta fauna of China. Pseudograpta are commonly co-occurred with Nestoria and both of them are characterized by huge reticulate ornamentation, reflecting a Late Jurassic age (Zhang et al., 1976). Sporo-pollen of the Tuchengzi Formation is called th Classopollis assemblage, which also indicates a Late Jurassic age (Song and Shang, 2000). Recently achieved, high-precised radiometric datings give strong support for subdivision of the terrestrial Jurassic in not only western Liaoning, but also the whole eastern Asia. Yang and Li (2008) reported radiometric ages of the Xinglonggou Formation from the Xinglonggou village of Beipiao city, the Haifanggou Formation from the Daohugou village (Daohugou Bed) of Ningcheng county, and the Lanqi Formation from the Haifanggou village of Beipiao city respectively. The results showed that age of Xinglonggou Formation is 176.7±3.5 Ma, belonging to late Early Jurassic (Toarcian); the ages of Hai- fanggou Formation and Lanqi Formation are ranging from 165 Ma to156 Ma, belonging to the Bathonian of the Middle Jurassic to the Oxfordian of the Late Jurassic, but mainly the Callovian of the Middle
Earth Science Frontiers, Vol. 17, Special Issue, Aug. 2010 ISSN 1005-2321 Jurassic. Two 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages of tuffs from the top of the Tuchengzi Formation in Beipiao were reported by Swisher et al. (2002) and Chang (2009) respectively. 139.4±0.19 and 138.8±0.3 Ma indicate age of the top of the Tuchengzi is already the Valangian of Early Cretaceous. Key words: Progress; Terrestrial Jurassic; West- ern Liaoning Referrences: Chang S.Q., Zhang H.C., Renne P.R., et al. High- precision 40 Ar/ 39 Ar age for the Jehol Biota. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoeco- logy, 2009, 280:4-104. Czerkas S.A., Ji Q. A new rhamphorhynchoid with a headcrest and complex integumentary structures. Feathered Dinosaurs and the Origin of Flight. Blanding: The Dinosaur Museum of Blanding Journal, 2002, 1: 15-41. Gao K.Q., Shubin N. H. Earliest known crown-group salamanders. Nature, 2003, 422: 424-428. Gu Z.W. Distribution and development of non-marine Mesozoic bivalves and formations in China. Scientia Sinica: Series B, 1982, 25: 438-452. Huang D.Y., Chen J.Y., Vannier J. Discussion on the systematic position of the Early Cambrian pria- pulomorph worms. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2006, 51: 243-249. Ji Q., Luo Z.X, Yuan C.X., et al. A swimming mammalian form from the Middle Jurassic and ecomorphological diversification of early mammals. Science, 2006, 311: 1123-1127. Jiang B.Y. Non-marine Ferganoconcha (Bivalvia) from the Middle Jurassic in Daohugou area, Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia, China. Acta Palaeon- tologica Sinica, 2006, 45: 259-264 (in Chinese with English abstract). Rasnitsyn A.P., Zhang H.C. Composition and age of the Daohugou hymenopteran (Insecta, Hymeno- ptera= Vespida) assemblage from Inner Mongolia, China. Palaeontology, 2004, 47:1507-1517. Ren D., Gao K.Q., Guo Z.G., et al. Stratigraphic division of the Jurassic in the Daohugou area, Ningcheng, Inner Mongolia. Geological Bulletin of China, 2002, 21: 584-591 (in Chinese with English abstract). Shen Y.B., Chen P.J., Huang D.Y. Age of the fossil conchostracans from Daohugou of Ningcheng, Inner Mongolia. Journal of Stratigraphy, 2003, 27: 311-314 (in Chinese with English abstract). Si X.J., Zhou Z.Y. Continental Mesozoic Stratigraphy of China. Beijing: Science Press, 1962: 180 (in Chinese). Song Z.C, Shang Y.K. Fossil spores and pollen of China, vol. 2, the Mesozoic spores and pollen. Beijing: Science Press, 2000: 567-578. Swisher C.C., Wang X.L., Zhou Z.H., et al. Further support for a Cretaceous age for the feathered- dinosaur beds of Liaoning, China: New 40 Ar/ 39 Ar dating of the Yixian and Tuchengzi Formations. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2002, 47: 36-139. Wang X.L., Wang Y.Q., Zhang J.Y., et al. New dis- covery of fossil vertebrates in the Jehol Group and discussion of the non-marine Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary in northern China. In: Editorial Com- mittee Of The Proceedings Of The Third National Stratigraphical Conference Of China. Proceedings of The Third National Stratigraphical Conference of China. Beijing: Geological Pub- lishing House, 2000: 252-259 (in Chinese). Wang X.L., Zhou Z.H., Zhang F.C., et al. A nearly completely articulated rhamphorhynchoid ptero- saur with exceptionally well-preserved wing membranes and “hairs” from Inner Mongolia, northeast China. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2002, 47: 226-230. Wang Y. A new Salamander (Amphibia: Caudata) from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota. Vertebrata Palasiatica, 2000, 38: 100-103 (in Chinese with English abstract). Wang Y. A new Mesozoic caudate (Liaoxitriton daohugouensis sp. nov.) from Inner Mongolia, China. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2004, 49: 858- 860. Xu X., Zhang F.C. A new maniraptoran dinosaur from China with long feathers on the metatarsus. Naturwissenschaften, 2005, 92: 173-177. Yang W., Li S.G. Geochronology and geochemistry of the Mesozoic volcanic rocks in Western Liaoning: Implications for lithospheric thinning of the North China Craton. Lithos, 2008, 102: 88-117. Yu J.S., Yao P.Y. Assemblage succession of Mesozoic non-marine bivalve in Yanliao region.In: Strati- graphical Group Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences (ed). The Palaeontology and Stratigraphy of the Jurassic and Cretaceous in Eastern China. Beijing: Geological Pub- lishing House, 1989, 52-72 (in Chinese with English abstract). Zhang F.C., Zhou Z.H., Xu X., et al. A juvenile coelurosaurian theropod from China indicates arboreal habits. Naturwissenschaften, 2002, 89: 394-398. Zhang W.T., Chen P.J., Shen Y.B. Fossil Conchostraca of China. Beijing: Science Press, 1976: 325 (in Chinese with English abstract). 137
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