in Jurassic and Cretaceous Stratigraphy

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Earth Science Frontiers, Vol. 17, Special Issue, Aug. 2010 ISSN 1005-2321 The Jurassic Carbonatic Formations Effects on Calcareous Soils of Iran 30 Farboodi Manoocher 1 , Khaksar Kaveh 2 1. Isalmic Azad University, Mianeh Branch, Mianeh City, Iran (E-mail: farboodi@gmail.com) 2. Islamic Azad University, Rud-Hen Branch, Mojtameh Daneshghy, Civil Engineering Department, Rud-Hen City-Iran Most of the Iranian soils contain different amounts of carbonate compounds from 0 to 90 percentage. These carbonates and lime have various origins, which has been outlined and surveyed by many scientists. Different geological formations have various biological and chemical origins of carbonate compounds in different geological eras. In Iran one of these geological eras is Jurassic with different types and amounts of carbonate compounds. These formations have out- cropped tectonically and made the parent materials rocks of soils. By the weathering of these rocks and interflow of rain water they might gave their carbonates to soils and waters. The Jurassic calcareous formations surveyed by many geoscientists are entitled as: Alborz Mountains Jurassic Carbonate Formations, Cope-Dagh Mountains Jurassic Carbonate Formations, Central Iran Jurassic Carbonate Formations, and Zagross Mountains Jurassic Carbonate Formations. Alborz Mountains Jurassic Carbonate For- mations In Alborz Mountains, the middle and upper Jurassic rocks are marine marly, calcareous sequences, which deposited between two geological formations and have a large deposition cycle characteristics. These rocks groups did not have equally distribution in all geographic parts of the Iran. In southern Alborz after middle Simerian, the marly and calcareous sediments covered the depositions of the marine sequences were not simultaneously. In some places the middle Jurassic sea started from Bazosian time, where the sedi- mentation of carbonates deposits in prime Jurassic continued at this time. But from the late Bostonian age the marine condition had dominated in the whole region of southern Alabors mountain ranges, and the marly calcareous sequences of late bottom Delichai (at bottom) and Lar Formations deposited on the top. Abnak Formation: A carbonate sequence of complex lithology composed of dark bituminous limestone, massive dark dolomite, and thick bedded light-grey lime stone. The unit is up to 600 m thick. It overlies conformably the Shemshak Formation. The lower part (“member A”) is dated as Callovian, and correlated to the upper part of the Dalichi Formation; the upper parts of Abnak (“members B, C and D”) with no fossils collected are correlated to the Lar limestone and therefore considered as Oxfordian-Kimmeridgian. Dalichai Formation: It is an ammonitiferous limestone, marly limestone and shales, more than100m thick, and belongs to Late Bajocian to Late Callovian. Lar Formation: The widespread, feature-forming unit of upper Jurassic limestone developing throughout the greater parts of Alborz Mountains overlies Dalichai Formation and Shemshak Formation. It is composed of light grey, compact, tin-bedded to massive limestone, with 250-350 meters thick and containing chara- cteristic nodules and bands of white or violet chert. The limestone overlies the Dalichai Formation conformably (Allenbach, 1966; Steiger, 1966; Stöcklin et al., 1965). Cope-Dagh Mountains Jurassic Carbonate Formations The most important limestone formations consist of: Chaman Bid Formation, a unit of dark, bituminous, pyritiferous, ammonite-bearing marl and thin bedded limestone with marly 2000 m thick, which belongs to middle-upper Jurassic. Khaneh-Zu Forma- tion, sequences of thick rockiness limestone distributed in eastern Cope-Dagh. Mozduran Formation, a set of light colored, thick bedded to massive limestone, porous dolomitic and dolomite is also an important carbonate and limestone contents formation, which belongs to upper Jurassic. Central Iran Jurassic Carbonate Formations The most important limestone formations entitled as: Badamu formation yielding a fauna of ammonites, lamellibranches, belemnites, etc., located at Titu vilage, 17 km north to north-east of Zarand, north-western of Kerman. It is described through a number of sections in the wider Kerman area but statements of the formation at Badamu area is poor. Esfandiar Formation located in the Shotori Range, composed of the bulk of massive, dense, light-grey reef limestone with occasional oolitic beds content, 690 m thick. Its age is Late Middle Jurassic. Pectinid Limestone-Gypsum Facies deve- loped in Ravar-Bahahbad area, with a thickness of several hundred meters and characterized by alternating light colored limestones, marls and Gypsum. Zagross Mountains Jurassic Carbonate For- mations The most important Zagross mountains limestone formations entitled as: Surmeh Formation, dolomitic and argillaceous limestones containing Lithiotis, the type section was measured on the north-western of Surmeh Mountain in Fars Province, with lowermost 91.4m and uppermost 507m thickness. It belongs to
Earth Science Frontiers, Vol. 17, Special Issue, Aug. 2010 ISSN 1005-2321 early Jurassic. Neyriz Formation, the basal rubbly- weathering dolomites with a overlain of shale, more resistant thick-bedded dolomites and dolomitic limestones above which lies sandstone, and argillaceous dolomitic limestone. It belongs to Early Jurassic. The other important limestone contents formations which belong to Jurassic are: Mus Formation, Alan Formation, Sargelu Formation, Najmeh Formation and Adaiah Formation which have various thicknesses and compositions. Key words: Jurassic; Geological formations; Calcareous; Soils; Iran References: Aghanabati A. Geology of Iran. Geological Survey of Iran, 2004: 583. Assereto R. Geological map of upper Djajerud Valley and Lar Valleys (central Elborz, Iran), scale 1:50000, with explanatory notes. Ist. Geol. Univ. Milano, ser. G, publ. 232, 1966: 38-40, Figs.1, 2. Seyed-Emami. Zur Ammoniten-Fauna und Stati- graphie der Badamu-Kalke bei Kerman, Iran (Jur, oberes Untertoarcium bis mittleres Bajocium). Thesis Ludwig-Maxim. Univ. Munich, 1967: 180, 15pls. 31
Page 4 and 5: THE 8 TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON
Page 6 and 7: EARTH SCIENCE FRONTIERS Short paper
Page 8 and 9: Earth Science Frontiers, Vol. 17, S
Page 86 and 87:
Earth Science Frontiers, Vol. 17, S
Page 88 and 89:
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93:
Page 94 and 95:
Page 96 and 97:
Page 98 and 99:
Page 100 and 101:
Page 102 and 103:
Page 104 and 105:
Page 106 and 107:
Page 108 and 109:
Page 110 and 111:
Page 112 and 113:
Page 114 and 115:
Page 116 and 117:
Page 118 and 119:
Page 120 and 121:
Page 122 and 123:
Page 124 and 125:
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
Page 130 and 131:
Page 132 and 133:
Page 134 and 135:
Page 136 and 137:
Page 138 and 139:
Page 140 and 141:
Page 142 and 143:
Page 144 and 145:
Page 146 and 147:
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
Page 152 and 153:
Page 154 and 155:
Page 156 and 157:
Page 158 and 159:
Page 160 and 161:
Page 162 and 163:
Page 164 and 165:
Page 166 and 167:
Page 168 and 169:
Page 170 and 171:
Page 172 and 173:
Page 174 and 175:
Page 176 and 177:
Page 178 and 179:
Page 180 and 181:
Page 182 and 183:
Page 184 and 185:
Page 186 and 187:
Page 188 and 189:
Page 190 and 191:
Page 192 and 193:
Page 194 and 195:
Page 196 and 197:
Page 198 and 199:
Page 200 and 201:
Page 202 and 203:
Page 204 and 205:
Page 206 and 207:
Page 208 and 209:
Page 210 and 211:
Page 212 and 213:
Page 214 and 215:
Page 216 and 217:
Page 218 and 219:
Page 220 and 221:
Page 222 and 223:
Page 224 and 225:
Page 226 and 227:
Page 228 and 229:
Page 230 and 231:
Page 232 and 233:
Page 234 and 235:
Page 236 and 237:
Page 238 and 239:
Page 240 and 241:
Page 242 and 243:
Page 244 and 245:
Page 246 and 247:
Page 248 and 249:
Page 250 and 251:
Page 252 and 253:
Page 254 and 255:
Page 256 and 257:
Page 258 and 259:
Page 260 and 261:
Page 262 and 263:
Page 264 and 265:
Page 266 and 267:
Page 268 and 269:
Page 270 and 271:
Page 272 and 273:
Page 274 and 275:
Page 276 and 277:
Page 278 and 279:
Page 280 and 281:
Page 282 and 283:
Page 284 and 285:
Page 286 and 287:
Page 288 and 289:
Page 290 and 291:
Page 292 and 293:
Page 294 and 295:
Page 296 and 297:
Page 298 and 299:
Page 300 and 301:
Page 302 and 303:
Page 304 and 305:
Page 306 and 307:
Page 308 and 309:
Page 310 and 311:
Page 312 and 313:
Page 314 and 315:
Page 316 and 317:
Page 318 and 319:
Page 320 and 321:
Page 322 and 323:
Page 324 and 325:
Page 326 and 327:
Page 328 and 329:
Page 330 and 331:
Page 332 and 333:
Page 334 and 335:
Page 336 and 337:
Page 338 and 339:
Page 340 and 341:
Page 342 and 343:
Page 344 and 345:
Page 346 and 347:
Page 348 and 349:
Page 350 and 351:
Page 352 and 353:
Page 354 and 355:
Page 356 and 357:
Page 358 and 359:
Page 360 and 361:
Page 362 and 363:
Page 364 and 365:
Page 366 and 367:
Page 368 and 369:
Page 370 and 371:
Page 372 and 373:
Page 374 and 375:
Page 376 and 377:
Page 378 and 379:
Page 380 and 381:
Page 382 and 383:
Page 384 and 385:
Page 386 and 387:
Page 388 and 389:
Page 390 and 391:
Page 392 and 393:
Page 394 and 395:
Page 396 and 397:
Page 398 and 399:
Page 400 and 401:
Page 402 and 403:
Page 404 and 405:
Page 406 and 407:
Page 408 and 409:
Page 410 and 411:
Page 412 and 413:
Page 414 and 415:
Page 416 and 417:
410 EARTH SCIENCE FRONTIERS Short P
Page 418 and 419:
P.A. Selden 191 V.I. Katkova 309 P.
show all

in Jurassic and Cretaceous Stratigraphy

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?