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dilation of blood vessels mild redness, inflammation, congestion, hemorrhagic sticks and necrosis. DISCUSSION Md. Saifuddin Khalid et al Antiulcer activity of Ethanolic extract of Gossypium Harbaceum flowers Fig. 2: Histological study of ethanolic extract of Gossypium herbaceum (EEGH) flowers on Absolute ethanol induced ulcer in rats. Control Ethanol Standard Lansoprazole (8 mg/kg) 250 mg/kg EEGH The anti-ulcer activity of the plant of Gossypium herbaceum Linn was evaluated by ethanol induced ulceration. The model represents some of the most common causes of gastric ulcer in humans. Many factors and mechanisms are implicated in the ulcerogenesis and gastric mucosal damage induced by ethanol induced ulceration model employed in the present study involving, free radical production. Prostaglandins (PG) offer protection to stomach through both increases in mucosal resistance as well as decrease in 13 aggressive factors, mainly acid and pepsin . Ethanol induced gastric ulcers have been widely used for the evaluation of gastro protective activity. Ethanol is metabolized in the body and releases superoxide anion and hydroperoxy free radicals. It is associated with significant production of oxygen free radicals leading to increased lipid peroxidation, which causes damage to cell and cell 83 500 mg/kg EEGH 14 membrane . The incidence of ethanol induced ulcers is predominant in the glandular part of stomach. It was reported to stimulate the formation of leukotriene C4 (LTC4), mast cell secretory products and reactive oxygen 15 species resulting in the damage of rat gastric mucosa . It has been found that oxygen derived free radicals are implicated in the mechanism of acute and chronic ulceration in the gastric mucosa and scavenging these free radicals can play 16 an appreciable role in healing these ulcer . The ethanolic extract of the Gossypium herbaceum Linn with a dose 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg has significantly protected the gastric mucosa against ethanol challenge as shown by reduced values of lesion index as compared to control group suggesting its potent cytoprotective effect. The preliminary phytochemical studies revealed the presence of tannin, phenolic compounds and flavonoids in ethanolic extract of Gossypium herbaceum Linn. Various tannin, phenolic compounds and flavonoids have been reported for its antiulcerogenic activity with good level of gastric protection. So RJPS, Apr-Jun, 2011/ Vol 1/ Issue 1
the possible antiulcer property of Gossypium herbaceum Linn may be due to its tannin, phenolic compounds and flavonoid content. In this study we observed that Gossypium herbaceum Linn provides significant anti-ulcer activity against gastric ulcers in rats. CONCLUSION The phytochemical studies of Gossypium herbaceum L. flowers show the presence of tannins, flavonoids, steroids, carbohydrates, vitamins and alkaloids. On the basis of the present results and available reports, it can be concluded that the anti-ulcer activity elucidated by Gossypium herbaceum L. could be mainly due to the modulation of defensive factors through an improvement of gastric cytoprotection. At 500 mg/kg ethanolic extract has reduced ulcer index more significantly than 250 mg/kg when compared with the control and standard group. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The authors are thankful to management committee, Vocation Education Society (V.E.S.), Luqman College of Pharmacy, Gulbarga for providing all the facilities to carry out this research work and also to the KBN Institute of Medical Science, Gulbarga for carrying out histopathological studies. We also thank to Lee Pharma, Hyderabad for providing Lansoprazole and to Changshu Yangyuan Chem., China for providing Ethanol. REFERENCES Md. Saifuddin Khalid et al Antiulcer activity of Ethanolic extract of Gossypium Harbaceum flowers 1. Hoogerwerf WA, Pasricha PJ. Pharmacotherapy of gastric acidity, peptic ulcers, and gastroesophageal reflux disease. In: Brunton LL, Lazo JS, Parker KL. (Eds.), Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological basis of therapeutics, 11th ed. McGraw- Hill New York: Medical Publishing Division, 2006: 967–981. 2. Akthar MS, Akthar AH, Khan MA. Antiulcerogenic effects of Ocimum basilicum extracts, volatile oils and flavanoids glycosides in albino rats. International J of Pharmacognosy 1992; 30: 97–104. 3. http://www.wrongdiagnosis.com/p/peptic_ ulcer/stats. htm? ktrack =kcplink 4. Repetto MG, Llesuy SF. Antioxidant properties of natural compounds used in popular medicine for gastric ulcers. Braz J Med Biol Res 2002; 35(5): 523-34. 84 5. Narsimha D.Kalyana, Reddy K. Ravindra, Jayaveera KN, Bharathi T vrushabendra swamy BM and Raykumar. Study on the diuretic activity of Gossypium herbaceum Linn. Leaves extract in albino rats. Pharmacology 1; 2008: 78-81. rd 6. Mohan H. Textbook of pathology. 3 ed. Jaypee brothers medical publishers; 1998: 632. 7. Sharma HL and Sharma KK. Principles of pharmacalogy.1st edition, Paras Publication, 2007:368. th 8. Kokate CK, Purohit AP and Gokhale SB. pharmacognosy. 14 ed. Nirali prakashan; 2007: 297. 9. Khandelwal, K.R. Practical Pharmacognosy, 11th ed. Nirali Prakashan, Pune, 2004, 149–156. 10. Veeraraghavan, Prema. Expert Consultant, CPCSEA, OECD Guideline No.420, 2000. 11. Vogel HG. Drug discovery and evolution, pharmacological assay. 2nd edition Germany, Springer. 2002:759,767,869. 12. Shine VJ, Latha PG, Shyamal S, Suja SR, Anuja GI, Sini S and et.al. Gastric anti secretory and anti ulcer activities of cyclea peltata (Lam). Hook. F. and Thoms. in rats. J. of Ethnopharmacol, 2009; 125:350-355. 13. Aly A. Prostaglandins in clinical treatment of gastroduodenal mucosal lesions: A review. Scand J Gastroenterol. 22(S137); 1987:43-9. 14. Cheesman KH. Lipid peroxidation in biological systems in DNA and free radicals, edited by B Haliwell and OI Aruoma, (Ellis Horwood, London).1993:12. 15. Obi E, Emeh JK, Orisakwe OE, Afonne OJ, Ilondu NA and Agbasi PU. Investigation of the biochemical evidence for the antiulcerogenic activity of Synclisia scabrida Indian J Pharmacol. 2000; 32:381-3. 16. Umamaheswari M, Ashokkumar K, Rathidevi R, Sivashanmugam AT, Subhadradevi V. and Ravi TK. Antiulcer and Invitro antioxidant activities of Jasminum grandiflorum L. J. Ethnopharmacol 2007;110:464-70 Address for Correspondence: Md. Saifuddin Khalid, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Pharmacology, Luqman College of Pharmacy, PO.Box # 86, Old Jewargi Road, Gulbarga, India. E-Mail: khalid2568@yahoo.com RJPS, Apr-Jun, 2011/ Vol 1/ Issue 1
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R G U H S Dr. Divakar Goli Principa
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RGUHS Journal of Pharmaceutical Sci
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Dear Readers, Rajiv Gandhi Universi
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pharmacokinetics and dynamics, 6 on
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