A spatial multi-risk hazard assessment and vulnerability study of ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

The government has a very limited budget to spend on disaster management, therefore it is important to identify areas where people are vulnerable to hazards so that limited resources can be distributed to where they are needed most. Assessing risk and vulnerability is an ongoing process, as people are constantly moving and spatial distribution patterns also change. To provide accurate real-time data is extremely important for disaster management, to ensure that budgets are spent wisely in protecting those who are most at need (Longley et al., 2001). GIS has become a very important tool in disaster management, from identifying hazards and vulnerable communities, to providing information during disaster events and the recovery process afterwards. It is also a very effective method of gathering and storing data from different fields and applications in a central database from which it is available to all role players, for planning mitigating measures, setting up standard operating procedures for disaster events and coordination and planning in the event of a disaster. The availability of accurate and understandable information will also assist the community at risk to protect themselves from any hazard that threatens them or their livelihood (FEMA, 1997). 1.2 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study is to gather all available information on identified hazards in the Madibeng Municipality and to use this information to perform a risk and vulnerability assessment of the Madibeng Local Municipality with the aid of GIS. The information provided in this study is intended to assist in building a disaster resistant community by sharing geographic knowledge about local hazards. This study will provide information to the Municipality of Madibeng on hazards and people at risk and vulnerable to different hazards. It would also test the effectiveness of applying GIS to disaster management in a smaller municipal area in South Africa. If successful, the hazard and vulnerability analysis will provide the Madibeng Municipality with the next logical step for prioritizing hazard mitigation initiatives. From this data it will be possible for decision-makers to apply resources to where they are most needed, 1-5
whether for further research on hazards or mitigating actions in vulnerable areas. It also provides the community with information that will empower them to protect themselves from hazards in their environment. The main aims or objectives of this study are the following: • Identify all possible hazards that pose a threat to the community of Madibeng. • Create maps of identified hazards. • Using GIS, assess the disaster risk associated with each hazard. • With the aid of GIS, identify communities that are vulnerable to these hazards. • Create maps of vulnerable communities. • Recommendations on the application of GIS in Disaster Management in Madibeng 1.3 METHODOLOGY To assess the risk of different hazards and the vulnerability of people to these hazards, a wide range of physical, spatial and demographic data of Madibeng Municipality is needed. Because of financial and time restraints only readily available data was gathered and used in the study. On the 27th of May 2002, a meeting was held with representatives of Disaster Management and the various municipal departments of Madibeng, during which questionnaires were handed out to identify all possible hazards and begin the process of gathering information on all the identified hazards. Later meetings were also held with all the departments to discuss the questionnaires and gather available information. Where possible, GIS maps were created with the available information of areas at risk from all the identified hazards. These risk maps will be overlaid with maps of the communities and infrastructure to assess the vulnerability of communities in the municipality to the different hazards. From the different risk and vulnerability maps it should then be possible to identify areas where people are currently at risk and where hazard mitigation measures are urgently 1-6
Page 1 and 2: A spatial multi-risk hazard assessm
Page 3 and 4: 4.2 VELD FIRE......................
Page 5 and 6: LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1-1: Deaths
Page 7 and 8: LIST OF TABLES Table 2-1: Classific
Page 9 and 10: provides information to the Municip
Page 11 and 12: In modern times people have come to
Page 13: 1.1 PROBLEM DESCRIPTION It seems th
Page 17 and 18: • Demography Population data avai
Page 19 and 20: Chapter 2: HAZARDS, RISK AND VULNER
Page 21 and 22: 2.1.2 Hazard Assessment There are t
Page 23 and 24: • Externalities from choices by o
Page 25 and 26: It is also important to remember th
Page 27 and 28: • Risks to an individual in a sma
Page 29 and 30: 2.4 GEOGRAPHY IN HAZARD, RISK AND V
Page 31 and 32: It is possible to profile the geogr
Page 33 and 34: Unfortunately, because of the metho
Page 35 and 36: Epidemics The slope of an area has
Page 37 and 38: Human Induced/Environmental Homelan
Page 39 and 40: Chapter 4: NATURAL HAZARDS. Develop
Page 41 and 42: 4.1.1 Hazard Identification To iden
Page 43 and 44: Table 4-1 indicates settlements and
Page 45 and 46: Figure 4-2: Urban flood hazard scen
Page 47 and 48: • Dam Failure Scenarios Figure 4-
Page 49 and 50: Figure 4-5: Vaalkop and Rooikoppies
Page 51 and 52: • Klipvoor dam failure scenario.
Page 53 and 54: 4.2 VELD FIRE Periodic fires are na
Page 55 and 56: percent of local veld fires reporte
Page 57 and 58: Madibeng therefore has a relatively
Page 59 and 60: This report provides an account of
Page 61 and 62: Figure 4-9: Madibeng fuel categorie
Page 63 and 64: Figure 4-10: Fire hazard map for Ma
Page 65 and 66:
However, there are areas around the
Page 67 and 68:
Fire protection associations should
Page 69 and 70:
dry land areas, because for them dr
Page 71 and 72:
Drought can be defined in several d
Page 73 and 74:
The annual average rainfall for Mad
Page 75 and 76:
Figure 4-13: Percentage of clay con
Page 77 and 78:
The drought risk assessment was the
Page 79 and 80:
4.3.3 Vulnerability Assessment. Soc
Page 81 and 82:
Figure 4-17 indicates that a large
Page 83 and 84:
Improved remote sensing from satell
Page 85 and 86:
Figure 4-19: Madibeng dolomite geol
Page 87 and 88:
characterised by good housing, the
Page 89 and 90:
Traditional land use practices that
Page 91 and 92:
The unequal distribution of wealth
Page 93 and 94:
Figure 5-2: Population 5-19 year ol
Page 95 and 96:
Figure 5-3: Madibeng employment rat
Page 97 and 98:
Figure 5-4: Poor households and env
Page 99 and 100:
Figure 5-5: Percentage male populat
Page 101 and 102:
5.1.2.1 Malnutrition and Starvation
Page 103 and 104:
In arid regions, drought can leave
Page 105 and 106:
5.1.3.1 Income level approach Incom
Page 107 and 108:
esources. The quality and quantity
Page 109 and 110:
Figure 5-7 shows the distribution o
Page 111 and 112:
However, there are serious safety a
Page 113 and 114:
The central and northern areas do n
Page 115 and 116:
In South Africa only one percent of
Page 117 and 118:
major economical setbacks that has
Page 119 and 120:
5.2 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS As was disc
Page 121 and 122:
The following hazardous locations a
Page 123 and 124:
These are only industries identifie
Page 125 and 126:
Figure 5-13: Necsa 5-116
Page 127 and 128:
5.2.2 Hazmat Risk and Vulnerability
Page 129 and 130:
The high concentration of mining ac
Page 131 and 132:
Figure 5-16: Brits industrial area
Page 133 and 134:
Figure 5-18: Necsa risk area
Page 135 and 136:
Bapong-Skoolplaas Majakaneng Madiny
Page 137 and 138:
Figure 5-20: Hazardous material tra
Page 139 and 140:
5.2.3 Summary Although hazardous ma
Page 141 and 142:
6.1 GIS FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN
Page 143 and 144:
and risk assessments in place, it w
Page 145 and 146:
It would not necessarily be the sol
Page 147 and 148:
6.2.4 Geological Hazards Very littl
Page 149 and 150:
6.3 SUMMARY GIS has the capability
Page 151 and 152:
Blong, R., Murty, T., Papadopoulos,
Page 153 and 154:
Greene, R.W., 2002: Confronting Cat
Page 155 and 156:
RSA., 1998: Poverty and Inequality
Page 157 and 158:
Zschau, J. and, Küppers, A.N., 200
Page 159 and 160:
# Please indicate general location
Page 161 and 162:
3 - 4 - 4. Dangerous: 3.4a a) Plant
Page 163 and 164:
The following data will be needed i
Page 165:
Filename: Madibeng_multiple_hazard9
show all

A spatial multi-risk hazard assessment and vulnerability study of ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?