A spatial multi-risk hazard assessment and vulnerability study of ...

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Chapter 3: MADIBENG HAZARD IDENTIFICATION. Chapters 1 and 2 gave a background of the importance of disaster management, the definitions and short desriptions of hazards, risk and vulnerability and the value of GIS as a tool in the assessment of hazards, risk and vulnerability. The process of identifying hazards as described in Chapter 2 was applied in this chapter. As it was foreseen that there would not be data available on all types of hazards, it was also deemed important to establish, firstly, if data was available and secondly the format and quality of available data. Workshops with local representitives of Madibeng and a questionnaire survey (Appendix A) were used to identify hazards and suitable data to be used in this study. 3.1 APPROACH Two approaches were followed to identify possible hazards in the Madibeng Local Municipality. The first approach was to discuss Table 2-2 in a workshop with representitives of Madibeng, to identify commonly known hazards and identify the hazards that could occur in the Municipality. The second was to hand out questionnaires to all Local Government Departments, Emergency Services, Local Police and Commando. This questionnaire included a section for the identification of possible hazards and disasters as well as a section in which the availability and status of data could be indicated. The respondents used their knowledge of historical events to identify hazards and, where possible, to indicate their locations on a map of Madibeng Municipality. Respondents then indicated wether information on identified hazards is available; in what format the data is; whether spatial data on the hazard are available, and a contact name and details as to where the data could be gathered. 3-23
Unfortunately, because of the methodology of the study and the timeframe within which the project had to be completed, only readily available data, mostly in digital format, could be used. This meant that although a great number of hazards were identified, not all could be represented in the study due to a lack of suitable information. Obtaining complete and up-to-date data about hazards and assets should be an overriding concern in all the stages of any GIS–focused hazard mitigation program. It was of great concern that so little information was readily available and that there was much difficulty experienced in gathering the relevant information from the different parties. 3.2 IDENTIFIED HAZARDS IN MADIBENG The following table indicates all the hazards that were identified in Madibeng with a short description of the hazard and an indication as to whether the hazard is covered in GIS format in this study. Table 3-1: Identified hazards in Madibeng. Hazard Comment GIS Natural/Hydro meteorological/Climate Extreme weather conditions (Heavy rain, strong winds, lightning, hail and heat waves) Madibeng has a relatively warm and dry climate, but episodes of extreme weather conditions have been experienced in the past. Lightning and hail have been identified as hazards in the survey. Hail can cause damage to crops and livestock, while lightning is a hazard especially at the beginning of the rainy season when vegetation has a low moisture content and is therefore vulnerable to ignition. No 3-24
Page 1 and 2: A spatial multi-risk hazard assessm
Page 3 and 4: 4.2 VELD FIRE......................
Page 5 and 6: LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1-1: Deaths
Page 7 and 8: LIST OF TABLES Table 2-1: Classific
Page 9 and 10: provides information to the Municip
Page 11 and 12: In modern times people have come to
Page 13 and 14: 1.1 PROBLEM DESCRIPTION It seems th
Page 15 and 16: whether for further research on haz
Page 17 and 18: • Demography Population data avai
Page 19 and 20: Chapter 2: HAZARDS, RISK AND VULNER
Page 21 and 22: 2.1.2 Hazard Assessment There are t
Page 23 and 24: • Externalities from choices by o
Page 25 and 26: It is also important to remember th
Page 27 and 28: • Risks to an individual in a sma
Page 29 and 30: 2.4 GEOGRAPHY IN HAZARD, RISK AND V
Page 31: It is possible to profile the geogr
Page 35 and 36: Epidemics The slope of an area has
Page 37 and 38: Human Induced/Environmental Homelan
Page 39 and 40: Chapter 4: NATURAL HAZARDS. Develop
Page 41 and 42: 4.1.1 Hazard Identification To iden
Page 43 and 44: Table 4-1 indicates settlements and
Page 45 and 46: Figure 4-2: Urban flood hazard scen
Page 47 and 48: • Dam Failure Scenarios Figure 4-
Page 49 and 50: Figure 4-5: Vaalkop and Rooikoppies
Page 51 and 52: • Klipvoor dam failure scenario.
Page 53 and 54: 4.2 VELD FIRE Periodic fires are na
Page 55 and 56: percent of local veld fires reporte
Page 57 and 58: Madibeng therefore has a relatively
Page 59 and 60: This report provides an account of
Page 61 and 62: Figure 4-9: Madibeng fuel categorie
Page 63 and 64: Figure 4-10: Fire hazard map for Ma
Page 65 and 66: However, there are areas around the
Page 67 and 68: Fire protection associations should
Page 69 and 70: dry land areas, because for them dr
Page 71 and 72: Drought can be defined in several d
Page 73 and 74: The annual average rainfall for Mad
Page 75 and 76: Figure 4-13: Percentage of clay con
Page 77 and 78: The drought risk assessment was the
Page 79 and 80: 4.3.3 Vulnerability Assessment. Soc
Page 81 and 82: Figure 4-17 indicates that a large
Page 83 and 84:
Improved remote sensing from satell
Page 85 and 86:
Figure 4-19: Madibeng dolomite geol
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characterised by good housing, the
Page 89 and 90:
Traditional land use practices that
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The unequal distribution of wealth
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Figure 5-2: Population 5-19 year ol
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Figure 5-3: Madibeng employment rat
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Figure 5-4: Poor households and env
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Figure 5-5: Percentage male populat
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5.1.2.1 Malnutrition and Starvation
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In arid regions, drought can leave
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5.1.3.1 Income level approach Incom
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esources. The quality and quantity
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Figure 5-7 shows the distribution o
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However, there are serious safety a
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The central and northern areas do n
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In South Africa only one percent of
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major economical setbacks that has
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5.2 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS As was disc
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The following hazardous locations a
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These are only industries identifie
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Figure 5-13: Necsa 5-116
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5.2.2 Hazmat Risk and Vulnerability
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The high concentration of mining ac
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Figure 5-16: Brits industrial area
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Figure 5-18: Necsa risk area
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Bapong-Skoolplaas Majakaneng Madiny
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Figure 5-20: Hazardous material tra
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5.2.3 Summary Although hazardous ma
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6.1 GIS FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN
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and risk assessments in place, it w
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It would not necessarily be the sol
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6.2.4 Geological Hazards Very littl
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6.3 SUMMARY GIS has the capability
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Blong, R., Murty, T., Papadopoulos,
Page 153 and 154:
Greene, R.W., 2002: Confronting Cat
Page 155 and 156:
RSA., 1998: Poverty and Inequality
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Zschau, J. and, Küppers, A.N., 200
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# Please indicate general location
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3 - 4 - 4. Dangerous: 3.4a a) Plant
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The following data will be needed i
Page 165:
Filename: Madibeng_multiple_hazard9
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