A spatial multi-risk hazard assessment and vulnerability study of ...

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Natural/Hydro meteorological/Hydrologi cal Floods Flooding has occurred in Madibeng Municipality in the recent past and will continue to occur. Drought The whole of South Africa is prone to extended periods Natural/Geological of dry weather that could cause serious water shortages. Seismic hazards Although the risk of a major earthquake in Madibeng is considered to be very low, the risk of such an event happening should not be ignored. Rock falls Rock falls are a hazard on roads in mountainous areas especially after heavy rains. Sink-holes Sink-holes are a hazard in areas located on dolomite Natural/Biological geological structures. Dolomite is known to form underground caverns that could collapse and cause sink- holes. These sink-holes are often the result of the lowering of the water table due to over-exploitation of groundwater resources. Caverns that were previously filled with water may become unstable if they become empty and cause the roof of the caverns to collapse, sometimes exposing a hole on the surface that is than referred to as a sink-hole (Venter, 2004). Veld fires Veld fires are a constant threat throughout the country, especially during dry periods with high temperatures. Relief has a powerful influence on fire behaviour. The movement of air over the terrain tends to direct a fire’s course. Aspect also has an influence as solar heating of drier, north-facing slopes produces upslope thermal winds that complicate fire behaviour. 3-25 Yes Yes No No Yes Yes
Epidemics The slope of an area has a big influence on the spread of fire. Each 10% increase in slope doubles the rate of spread of a veld fire. The Madibeng Municipality is situated in an area characterized by relatively high temperatures, seasonal dry periods and a relief that can have a major influence on the spread, behaviour and fighting of fires. Fires are also a serious threat to informal settlements, due to a lack of infrastructure, building materials used and the use of fossil fuels as a primary energy source. The locations of informal settlements, composition of structures, existing infrastructure and energy sources used in the area, are all-important information needed to perform a fire risk assessment of informal settlements. Areas with a high population density, poor infrastructure, lack of medical facilities and low income levels, are especially at risk of diseases such as TB and Cholera. Poverty creates the ideal environment for diseases to arise and spread Disease HIV/Aids is a serious threat in Southern Africa. Foot-and-mouth disease has occurred in Madibeng in the past and can be seen as a potential hazard to livestock farming in the area. Plants The following intrusive plants have been identified in Madibeng: Sickle bush, Lontana, Acacia Mellifera, Water Hyacinth, “Nagblom”, Bugweed, Poplar, Bluegum and Syringa A number of plants that occur in Madibeng are also classified as poisonous and could be hazardous to humans and animals: Poison Leaf, Amaranth, Syringa, Castor-oil bush, Cancer bush and Wild cotton. No No No 3-26
Page 1 and 2: A spatial multi-risk hazard assessm
Page 3 and 4: 4.2 VELD FIRE......................
Page 5 and 6: LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1-1: Deaths
Page 7 and 8: LIST OF TABLES Table 2-1: Classific
Page 9 and 10: provides information to the Municip
Page 11 and 12: In modern times people have come to
Page 13 and 14: 1.1 PROBLEM DESCRIPTION It seems th
Page 15 and 16: whether for further research on haz
Page 17 and 18: • Demography Population data avai
Page 19 and 20: Chapter 2: HAZARDS, RISK AND VULNER
Page 21 and 22: 2.1.2 Hazard Assessment There are t
Page 23 and 24: • Externalities from choices by o
Page 25 and 26: It is also important to remember th
Page 27 and 28: • Risks to an individual in a sma
Page 29 and 30: 2.4 GEOGRAPHY IN HAZARD, RISK AND V
Page 31 and 32: It is possible to profile the geogr
Page 33: Unfortunately, because of the metho
Page 37 and 38: Human Induced/Environmental Homelan
Page 39 and 40: Chapter 4: NATURAL HAZARDS. Develop
Page 41 and 42: 4.1.1 Hazard Identification To iden
Page 43 and 44: Table 4-1 indicates settlements and
Page 45 and 46: Figure 4-2: Urban flood hazard scen
Page 47 and 48: • Dam Failure Scenarios Figure 4-
Page 49 and 50: Figure 4-5: Vaalkop and Rooikoppies
Page 51 and 52: • Klipvoor dam failure scenario.
Page 53 and 54: 4.2 VELD FIRE Periodic fires are na
Page 55 and 56: percent of local veld fires reporte
Page 57 and 58: Madibeng therefore has a relatively
Page 59 and 60: This report provides an account of
Page 61 and 62: Figure 4-9: Madibeng fuel categorie
Page 63 and 64: Figure 4-10: Fire hazard map for Ma
Page 65 and 66: However, there are areas around the
Page 67 and 68: Fire protection associations should
Page 69 and 70: dry land areas, because for them dr
Page 71 and 72: Drought can be defined in several d
Page 73 and 74: The annual average rainfall for Mad
Page 75 and 76: Figure 4-13: Percentage of clay con
Page 77 and 78: The drought risk assessment was the
Page 79 and 80: 4.3.3 Vulnerability Assessment. Soc
Page 81 and 82: Figure 4-17 indicates that a large
Page 83 and 84: Improved remote sensing from satell
Page 85 and 86:
Figure 4-19: Madibeng dolomite geol
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characterised by good housing, the
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Traditional land use practices that
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The unequal distribution of wealth
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Figure 5-2: Population 5-19 year ol
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Figure 5-3: Madibeng employment rat
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Figure 5-4: Poor households and env
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Figure 5-5: Percentage male populat
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5.1.2.1 Malnutrition and Starvation
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In arid regions, drought can leave
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5.1.3.1 Income level approach Incom
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esources. The quality and quantity
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Figure 5-7 shows the distribution o
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However, there are serious safety a
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The central and northern areas do n
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In South Africa only one percent of
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major economical setbacks that has
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5.2 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS As was disc
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The following hazardous locations a
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These are only industries identifie
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Figure 5-13: Necsa 5-116
Page 127 and 128:
5.2.2 Hazmat Risk and Vulnerability
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The high concentration of mining ac
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Figure 5-16: Brits industrial area
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Figure 5-18: Necsa risk area
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Bapong-Skoolplaas Majakaneng Madiny
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Figure 5-20: Hazardous material tra
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5.2.3 Summary Although hazardous ma
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6.1 GIS FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN
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and risk assessments in place, it w
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It would not necessarily be the sol
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6.2.4 Geological Hazards Very littl
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6.3 SUMMARY GIS has the capability
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Blong, R., Murty, T., Papadopoulos,
Page 153 and 154:
Greene, R.W., 2002: Confronting Cat
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RSA., 1998: Poverty and Inequality
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Zschau, J. and, Küppers, A.N., 200
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# Please indicate general location
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3 - 4 - 4. Dangerous: 3.4a a) Plant
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The following data will be needed i
Page 165:
Filename: Madibeng_multiple_hazard9
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