MARGINAL ANNOTATION IN MEDIEVAL ROMANCE MANUSCRIPTS

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© Copyright by Nicole Eddy 2012 All rights reserved
MARGINAL ANNOTATION IN MEDIEVAL ROMANCE MANUSCRIPTS: UNDERSTANDING THE CONTEMPORARY RECEPTION OF THE GENRE Abstract by Nicole Eddy The extra-textual apparatus of a manuscript is an important aspect of the presentation and organization of the text itself. Marginal annotation is a vital part of this apparatus: written by both scribes and readers, in Latin and England’s two vernaculars (French and English). In laying out their manuscripts, book producers offer direction to subsequent readers as to the aspects of the text worthy of particular notice. Those readers, in contributing their own notes, both immortalized their reading of the text and adapted it for future readers by supplying apparatus they considered to be wanting. Marginal notes in the romance, therefore, illuminate the genre, defining the most important, most noteworthy aspects, and helping to define our expectations both of the normative in romances’ organizational apparatus, and of romance notes as a dependent genre. Romances were not typically annotated, but when they were, the annotators have sought their model in the somewhat richer tradition of Brut chronicle annotation. The apparent straightforwardness of romance notes, often summarizing or even quoting the
Page 1: MARGINAL ANNOTATION IN MEDIEVAL ROM
Page 5 and 6: For my parents, Ceil and Jim ii
Page 7 and 8: 3.2 Cok the Compiler: Cok’s Relig
Page 9 and 10: To all the librarians who welcomed
Page 11 and 12: Marginal annotation is a body of pa
Page 13 and 14: disguise, etc.), but coming into re
Page 15 and 16: simultaneously, such “rules” ar
Page 17 and 18: flawed as (or even more flawed than
Page 19 and 20: etter understood as encyclopedic, r
Page 21 and 22: of different directions, examining
Page 23 and 24: intentions of even the best-connect
Page 25 and 26: manuscript of a visually beautiful
Page 27 and 28: elements are similar to those found
Page 29 and 30: methods, including the subdivision
Page 31 and 32: sense. 51 While Parkes has chosen a
Page 33 and 34: ordinatio - “professional readers
Page 35 and 36: thought in the annotations and from
Page 37 and 38: clear division between the annotati
Page 39 and 40: as most important, particularly in
Page 41 and 42: throughout his career: the Wife of
Page 43 and 44: can be connected with the medieval
Page 45 and 46: that has been so fruitful in the st
Page 47 and 48: TYPE III, which comprises marginali
Page 49 and 50: categories, a large number of the f
Page 51 and 52: omances. 92 The manuscript contains
Page 53 and 54:
already been posited, by innumerabl
Page 55 and 56:
manuscripts are not confined to a s
Page 57 and 58:
etween a work’s entire, real audi
Page 59 and 60:
sources. This man is John Cok, an A
Page 61 and 62:
notes create tight structural readi
Page 63 and 64:
CHAPTER 1: NAMES, MARVELS AND DREAM
Page 65 and 66:
century scholastics to facilitate a
Page 67 and 68:
however, wholly eccentric, as we sh
Page 69 and 70:
42r: “· How Arthour ȝaf bataill
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Cornewaile,” “Eleyne þat was k
Page 73 and 74:
primarily Latin literacy. Conversel
Page 75 and 76:
mountain is critical to a reader at
Page 77 and 78:
y marginal notes. They are, on the
Page 79 and 80:
þat shal haue a white tong and tre
Page 81 and 82:
Brut, 124 Wace’s Roman de Brut an
Page 83 and 84:
text almost word for word. 129 It i
Page 85 and 86:
to the crown and subsequent death.
Page 87 and 88:
In terms of a practical aid for rea
Page 89 and 90:
imperatives. 143 In Caligula, a mor
Page 91 and 92:
The mnemonic model for annotations
Page 93 and 94:
insertion into the Metrical Chronic
Page 95 and 96:
f. 6v, at Robert of Gloucester, Met
Page 97 and 98:
obscures Gwendolene’s gender. Aru
Page 99 and 100:
fifteenth century” by Kelly DeVri
Page 101 and 102:
clere, / Il ot esté Uther, sun per
Page 103 and 104:
adapted to pious meditation, but no
Page 105 and 106:
1.4 Standing Out From the Ordinary
Page 107 and 108:
marvel of the fighting eagles, emph
Page 109 and 110:
haþ euer’ Leuede in clennesse, a
Page 111 and 112:
Either with or without an explicit
Page 113 and 114:
Metrical Chronicle, 1.350.37-38). E
Page 115 and 116:
surely of a piece with the dreams t
Page 117 and 118:
chronicle tradition as their model.
Page 119 and 120:
on texture of vertical lines (folds
Page 121 and 122:
Lucius, 217 or the “ hij tres in
Page 123 and 124:
significance in the larger context
Page 125 and 126:
for it first acquiring the name [i.
Page 127 and 128:
is held out to Arthur a few lines l
Page 129 and 130:
and Rome) emphasize the nationalism
Page 131 and 132:
attention to moments of formal and
Page 133 and 134:
main scribe). 244 Hand B annotates
Page 135 and 136:
to place those names in the margins
Page 137 and 138:
143. 253 Likewise, while the comman
Page 139 and 140:
going “into enge[londe]”), 258
Page 141 and 142:
each sister and achieving a differe
Page 143 and 144:
And damyseles caroles lediþ On gre
Page 145 and 146:
on the fate of nations. Surely one
Page 147 and 148:
country constitutes an invasion. Im
Page 149 and 150:
But corporate political action is k
Page 151 and 152:
precise context in which they were
Page 153 and 154:
enters her room at night. The magic
Page 155 and 156:
Alexander’s actions as a private
Page 157 and 158:
one. Alexander’s death is inevita
Page 159 and 160:
Readers are alerted not only to Ale
Page 161 and 162:
Slayne”). Of the fifteen notes in
Page 163 and 164:
And afolk me clepiþ Vetas Al blak
Page 165 and 166:
their initial introduction and text
Page 167 and 168:
eciprocal love (“And he [louede]
Page 169 and 170:
“vndurstod wel / Þat þe kyng is
Page 171 and 172:
2.5 Romance, Chronicle and the Form
Page 173 and 174:
An interest in letters recurs at se
Page 175 and 176:
urial to the fallen Greeks. “That
Page 177 and 178:
careful distinction is maintained i
Page 179 and 180:
person or reproduced directly. Ther
Page 181 and 182:
kind of reading aid, and one that h
Page 183 and 184:
90ra, at 10949: “ Nowey dis | Mil
Page 185 and 186:
walwanus idem sunt” (“Note that
Page 187 and 188:
If we set aside, however, these ind
Page 189 and 190:
Launcelot, for all the love that ev
Page 191 and 192:
‘speaking’ to everybody.” 335
Page 193 and 194:
IMPERATOR. Item in the Castel of Do
Page 195 and 196:
were peteuous lettyrs, but in no wy
Page 197 and 198:
quotations from Joseph of Exeter in
Page 199 and 200:
are less like what appears in the E
Page 201 and 202:
speech, alerting the reader to a cr
Page 203 and 204:
poem then ultimately derive from th
Page 205 and 206:
formal rhetoric of the letters, as
Page 207 and 208:
ecalls the “XV kyngis” he has p
Page 209 and 210:
debate - although, once again, the
Page 211 and 212:
faucon mak of busard / No hardy kny
Page 213 and 214:
appear a few notes in a fourteenth-
Page 215 and 216:
makes a formal, public declaration:
Page 217 and 218:
cheualier.” And, in the last, Gal
Page 219 and 220:
gain and greater honor than ever,
Page 221 and 222:
CHAPTER 3: MEET THE ANNOTATOR: JOHN
Page 223 and 224:
Cambridge, Corpus Christi College M
Page 225 and 226:
As for Cok himself, he is best know
Page 227 and 228:
text; he ages, he becomes infirm, h
Page 229 and 230:
chronicle reaches the historical pe
Page 231 and 232:
I is “Bew clerk,” and that he
Page 233 and 234:
The rex dictus here (Henry II) is n
Page 235 and 236:
Ego Iohannes Portuensis episcopus r
Page 237 and 238:
Our picture deepens, however, as we
Page 239 and 240:
ichness of each piece and an apprai
Page 241 and 242:
desired to create a neat break betw
Page 243 and 244:
closed together with the blue ink s
Page 245 and 246:
The mark is not unique to Cok. A ve
Page 247 and 248:
intended for others involved in the
Page 249 and 250:
however, it also means either that
Page 251 and 252:
description that refers to the firs
Page 253 and 254:
From the view of the table of conte
Page 255 and 256:
texts, comprising in all a total of
Page 257 and 258:
forgiving sin and lamenting the hum
Page 259 and 260:
They kill the Father by a thousand
Page 261 and 262:
great religious authorities like Be
Page 263 and 264:
Oportebat nos, dilectissime, cleric
Page 265 and 266:
495.15. mendacium. Seculares namque
Page 267 and 268:
The inclusion of this additional ma
Page 269 and 270:
sinner, to understand the nature of
Page 271 and 272:
What follows is a guide for the bet
Page 273 and 274:
intercessor, an addressee appropria
Page 275 and 276:
that they may be used, as a way of
Page 277 and 278:
conjugation of the pronoun hic, wit
Page 279 and 280:
These levels of meditation are not
Page 281 and 282:
patristic, others heretical and sti
Page 283 and 284:
despised, and he seizes his chance,
Page 285 and 286:
classified as “Narrative Reading
Page 287 and 288:
anonymity is tantamount to a generi
Page 289 and 290:
authorship of the text is not the p
Page 291 and 292:
also invokes the standard medieval
Page 293 and 294:
names, but not on the surface of an
Page 295 and 296:
French text is figured as part of t
Page 297 and 298:
This time there is no mention of Ro
Page 299 and 300:
Examination of the language Cok use
Page 301 and 302:
A hub of London literary life, Shir
Page 303 and 304:
addressing the public of the ‘fes
Page 305 and 306:
4.2 Reading Cok’s Notes: Decoding
Page 307 and 308:
summarizing narrative content and s
Page 309 and 310:
instead at a point somewhere in the
Page 311 and 312:
(line 456), a full eight lines afte
Page 313 and 314:
that is, he was probably more likel
Page 315 and 316:
everence, concord, innocence, and c
Page 317 and 318:
the speech of which the “members
Page 319 and 320:
4.4 Language and Interpretation: Mo
Page 321 and 322:
and scribe who routinely copied and
Page 323 and 324:
no means a practice universally or
Page 325 and 326:
text’s diction does not solely ru
Page 327 and 328:
Woman, revealing her history and mo
Page 329 and 330:
allegorical meaning. This would not
Page 331 and 332:
4.5 The Marvelous, Again Following
Page 333 and 334:
tempted. That he exhibits steadfast
Page 335 and 336:
“Scipilions” rather than the mo
Page 337 and 338:
while the “nota per totum” head
Page 339 and 340:
f. 64ra at Lovelich, History, XLV.2
Page 341 and 342:
Northgallie.” Confused by the cor
Page 343 and 344:
Cok either prepares the text with t
Page 345 and 346:
will be confounded by a second “h
Page 347 and 348:
presenting the text must necessaril
Page 349 and 350:
manuscript layout. Nor does he seem
Page 351 and 352:
evidence is too scanty to either cl
Page 353 and 354:
instead that the numbering to stand
Page 355 and 356:
“Of hym [Lancelot of the Lake] Sc
Page 357 and 358:
culmination and conclusion of the f
Page 359 and 360:
In the text of the prophetic geneal
Page 361 and 362:
This presentation of Lancelot of th
Page 363 and 364:
noted? There are some common themes
Page 365 and 366:
frequently one of origin, the begin
Page 367 and 368:
the artifact of the prophetic tree
Page 369 and 370:
So much for the major content and t
Page 371 and 372:
As I have already briefly mentioned
Page 373 and 374:
picture. 605 The instructions do no
Page 375 and 376:
movement of troops, specifying name
Page 377 and 378:
these instructions focuses on the s
Page 379 and 380:
we can see some of the range permis
Page 381 and 382:
was used in the presentation and in
Page 383 and 384:
annotations. 618 Laid out with larg
Page 385 and 386:
Ultimately, of course, while it wou
Page 387 and 388:
masculine bias read perhaps some ev
Page 389 and 390:
the court by vicious factional squa
Page 391 and 392:
defeats are unimportant to the prog
Page 393 and 394:
121r, at 189.15: “Here sir Bew- |
Page 395 and 396:
the Gareth’s sources. 647 Still,
Page 397 and 398:
entertainment, as the author of the
Page 399 and 400:
Still, some important details of th
Page 401 and 402:
scholars, 658 and some of which pla
Page 403 and 404:
While the notes have included some
Page 405 and 406:
physical proximity to the Gareth, t
Page 407 and 408:
Lyonet’s protection of her sister
Page 409 and 410:
Avilion” (Malory, Works, 38.10),
Page 411 and 412:
the realism of the Morte Darthur’
Page 413 and 414:
Looking more closely at the note ma
Page 415 and 416:
significance of the Grail from a pu
Page 417 and 418:
elsewhere. It has already been obse
Page 419 and 420:
This nuancing of the notes’ viole
Page 421 and 422:
marvelous separate from the explica
Page 423 and 424:
his identification as Lancelot’s
Page 425 and 426:
A further special quality seems to
Page 427 and 428:
their meaning. The notes offer no e
Page 429 and 430:
In their totality, the annotations
Page 431 and 432:
individual, showing the hand in a d
Page 433 and 434:
f. 19v at Malory, Works, 33.14: beg
Page 435 and 436:
ignoring this moment - or any simil
Page 437 and 438:
combat is signaled when the princip
Page 439 and 440:
achieving the adventure. This appro
Page 441 and 442:
e seen as an extension of Reader M
Page 443 and 444:
employed not, as one might suppose,
Page 445 and 446:
patterns in chronicles, which thems
Page 447 and 448:
stages in that episode will receive
Page 449 and 450:
Modern evaluation seems to echo obs
Page 451 and 452:
manuscripts, and at mining these no
Page 453 and 454:
Lucius (the first Christian king) a
Page 455 and 456:
Anno · M · lxxx 751 · Coronacio
Page 457 and 458:
Anno · M\o/ · CC · xvj\o/ Corona
Page 459 and 460:
Anno · M\o/ · CCCC · xiij · ix\
Page 461 and 462:
f. 6v-7r: excerpt of the Compendium
Page 463 and 464:
same as in the original, text in re
Page 465 and 466:
Nota bene de paciencia Nobile vinc
Page 467 and 468:
ff. 8r-46r, Tractatus de Interiori
Page 469 and 470:
Synodo Congregatos in PL 184:1085-1
Page 471 and 472:
tocius humani | generis · o miseri
Page 473 and 474:
ff. 141r-159r, De Fide ad Petrum si
Page 475 and 476:
Vut peccata vilia de terra radiantu
Page 477 and 478:
Capacity is worth nothing, where th
Page 479 and 480:
Morales ad Lucilium, and - perhaps
Page 481 and 482:
David assert that “the question [
Page 483 and 484:
22va, at XXIII.322: “[┐] de ass
Page 485 and 486:
68va, at XLVI.439: “┐ how kinge
Page 487 and 488:
WORKS CITED Ackerman, Robert. “He
Page 489 and 490:
Boffey, Julia, and John J. Thompson
Page 491 and 492:
Cooper, Helen. “Opening Up the Ma
Page 493 and 494:
Gaimar, Geoffrey. The Anglo-Norman
Page 495 and 496:
Hunter, Joseph. A Catalogue of the
Page 497 and 498:
Kerby-Fulton, Kathryn, and Denise D
Page 499 and 500:
Lyons, Faith. “Malory’s Tale of
Page 501 and 502:
Orme, Nicholas. “John Holt (d. 15
Page 503 and 504:
The Social History of Books, circa
Page 505 and 506:
———. Wace’s Roman de Brut:
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MARGINAL ANNOTATION IN MEDIEVAL ROMANCE MANUSCRIPTS

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