Development of a Liquid Scintillator and of Data ... - Borexino - Infn

More documents

Recommendations

Info

1 Solar Neutrinos Figure 1.1: The pp-cycle is the dominant energy generation mechanism in the sun. It is subdivided into four chains: pp-I 85 %, pp-II 14 %, pp-III 0.016 %, pp-IV . The reactions, in which neutrinos are emitted, are framed. (2) The sun is in hydrostatic and thermal equilibrium. This means that the hydrostatic pressure resulting from thermonuclear fusion counterbalances the gravity, and that the energy produced by nuclear reactions balances the total energy loss, which is the sum of the radiative energy flux (luminosity) and the energy carried away by neutrinos. (3) Energy transport from the solar center, where nuclear fusion takes place (Ö Ê¬), outwards to the surface occurs, apart from neutrinos, primarily by electromagnetic radiation and, for Ö Ê¬, additionally by convection. (4) Initially, the chemical composition of the sun was homogeneous. The local abundances of individual isotopes in the solar interior have slowly changed with time due to nuclear fusion, while in the surface layers the initial elemental abundances are preserved. The boundary conditions for the model are the sun’s known characteristics: the solar radius, mass, surface temperature, luminosity and age. Other measured input data are nuclear reaction cross sections, radiative opacities and isotopic abundances. The system of differential equations for the solar structure and evolution is solved numerically. It yields, among other things, predictions for the solar core temperature Ì , the temperature and density profile inside the sun, and the rates at which the various nuclear fusion reactions contribute to the He generation, hence the solar neutrino spectrum and flux. The solar neutrino spectrum according to the SSM [Bah98] is shown in fig. 1.2 and the expected neutrino fluxes on earth for the individual neutrino branches are listed in table 1.1. 2
1.1 The Standard Solar Model Figure 1.2: The solar neutrino spectrum predicted by the Standard Solar Model [Bah98]. Solid lines correspond to neutrinos from the pp-cycle, dotted lines to the CNO-cycle which plays only a minor role in the sun. Fluxes are given in units of ÅÎ Ñ × for continuous spectra and Ñ × for lines at a distance of 1 Astronomical Unit. neutrino neutrino flux average energy maximum energy branch ¨ (cm s ) E (MeV) (MeV) pp ¦ ¢ 0.2668 0.423 Be ¦ ¢ 0.863 (0.386) 0.863 (0.386) B pep ¦ ¢ ¢ ¦ hep ¢ N O F ¦ ¢ ¢ 0.7063 ¦ ¢ ¦ ¦ Table 1.1: Energies and fluxes of the individual solar neutrino branches according to the SSM [Bah01a]. 3
Page 1: Fakultät für Physik der Technisch
Page 4 and 5: Abstract The first chapter contains
Page 6 and 7: Übersicht an Radionukliden in BORE
Page 8 and 9: Contents 3 The Counting Test Facili
Page 10 and 11: Contents viii
Page 14 and 15: 1 Solar Neutrinos 1.2 Detection of
Page 16 and 17: 1 Solar Neutrinos With this detecti
Page 18 and 19: 1 Solar Neutrinos 1.2.3 Future Expe
Page 20 and 21: 1 Solar Neutrinos 1.3.2 Astrophysic
Page 22 and 23: 1 Solar Neutrinos Using the unitari
Page 24 and 25: 1 Solar Neutrinos km in the earth.
Page 26 and 27: 1 Solar Neutrinos 16 Solution ¡Ñ
Page 28 and 29: 2 The Borexino Experiment The relat
Page 30 and 31: 2 The Borexino Experiment Figure 2.
Page 32 and 33: 2 The Borexino Experiment 2.2 The D
Page 34 and 35: 2 The Borexino Experiment 2.3 Detec
Page 36 and 37: 2 The Borexino Experiment 2.3.2 Anc
Page 38 and 39: 2 The Borexino Experiment which per
Page 40 and 41: 2 The Borexino Experiment 2.4 Backg
Page 42 and 43: 2 The Borexino Experiment ns; Rn-
Page 44 and 45: 2 The Borexino Experiment volume wo
Page 46 and 47: 3 The Counting Test Facility (CTF)
Page 56 and 57: 4 Position Reconstruction of Scinti
Page 62 and 63:
4 Position Reconstruction of Scinti
Page 64 and 65:
Page 66 and 67:
Page 68 and 69:
Page 70 and 71:
Page 72 and 73:
5 Particle Identification with a Ne
Page 74 and 75:
Page 76 and 77:
Page 78 and 79:
Page 80 and 81:
Page 82 and 83:
Page 84 and 85:
Page 86 and 87:
6 Test of a PXE based scintillator
Page 88 and 89:
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93:
Page 94 and 95:
Page 96 and 97:
Page 98 and 99:
Page 100 and 101:
Page 102 and 103:
Page 104 and 105:
Page 106 and 107:
Page 108 and 109:
7 The Source Runs in CTF2 transpare
Page 110 and 111:
7 The Source Runs in CTF2 7.3 The S
Page 112 and 113:
7 The Source Runs in CTF2 102 of th
Page 114 and 115:
7 The Source Runs in CTF2 7.4 Analy
Page 116 and 117:
7 The Source Runs in CTF2 7.4.2 Rec
Page 118 and 119:
7 The Source Runs in CTF2 7.4.3 Ene
Page 120 and 121:
7 The Source Runs in CTF2 45 40 35
Page 122 and 123:
7 The Source Runs in CTF2 112 reemi
Page 124 and 125:
Summary and Outlook possible to dis
Page 126 and 127:
Bibliography [Ade98] E. G. Adelberg
Page 128 and 129:
Bibliography [Bra00] L. De Braeckel
Page 130 and 131:
Bibliography [Lom97] P. Lombardi, D
Page 132 and 133:
Bibliography [Vog96] R. B. Vogelaar
Page 134 and 135:
Danksagung An dieser Stelle möchte
show all

Development of a Liquid Scintillator and of Data ... - Borexino - Infn

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?