Status of alien species in the Mediterranean and Black Sea

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32 Another economic impact of M. leidyi was also important. In fact, the fresh water reservoir of the Istanbul City was invaded by this species and it caused a serious economic loss due to the damage of the pipeline (Öztürk et al., 2001). 2.2.2 Sea snail, Rapana venosa, and its impacts on fisheries in the Marmara Sea Rapana venosa is a whelk shell and native of the Sea of Japan. Its possible way of introduction into the Black Sea, is by ballast water and eggs attached to ship hulls. R. venosa penetrated the Marmara Sea in the 1960s and settle in the Aegean Sea at a later stage (Figure 15). Figure 15 – Years of the first records of Rapana venosa at various locations in the Black, Marmara and Northern Aegean Seas R. venosa feeds mainly on mussels and oysters on rocky bottoms. In the Marmara Sea, it is quite abundant at 5–25 m depth (maximum density is 15–20 ind. m -2 ). The total distribution area of R. venosa had increased to 170 km² (Öztürk, 1999). Due to the high population density of R.venosa along the Marmara coasts, oysters and mussels have been exterminated from these areas where the bivalve harvesting used to be commercially important. For the first time in 1982, this speices gained an economic importance and was exported as Rapana meat to Japan. Then it became beneficial to the Turkish fisheries economy; the profit derivating from the export was estimated at approximately 2 million USD and about 600 persons were directly involved in this business (Öztürk, 2002b). Eighteen boats operate for Rapana in the Marmara Sea in 2009 (See Figure 1). Between 1999 and 2007, a total of 1 444 tonnes of Rapana were caught in the Marmara Sea (see Figure 16). This gastropod is harvested by diving and by dredging. The dredging method is harmful to benthic ecosystem, as it is a non-selective method, unlike diving.
33 Figure 16 – Catch of Rapana venosa in the Marmara Sea from 1995 to 2007 2.2.3 Other alien species and impacts on fisheries in the Marmara Sea The Indo-Pacific prawn Marsupenaeus japonicus was intentionally introduced to the Marmara Sea in the late 1960s from Iskenderun Bay on the Turkish coast of the Mediterranean Sea (M. Demir, pers. comm.). However, its population did not increase as much as expected. Another Indo-Pacific crustacean, Erugosquilla massavensis (Kossmann, 1880), a mantis shrimp, was found in the central Marmara Sea in 2004 (Katagan et al., 2004). This is the second Indo-Pacific crustacean species reported from the Marmara Sea. Mantis shrimps do have a commercial value in the Turkish part of the Mediterranean Sea, but no fishing has been made yet in the Marmara Sea due to its small stock size. An intentionally inroduced fish, haarder, Liza haematocheila, native to the Amu Darya River basin, reached the Turkish Black Sea coast from the Sea of Azov and migrated to the west, reaching the Marmara Sea and later the coasts of the Aegean Sea. This species has potential commercial importance (Figure 17). Annual catch of Mugil spp. in the Marmara Sea is between 900 and 5 000 tonnes for the period 1995–2007. Unfortunalely there is no separate statistic for M. haematocheila only. Figure 17 – Catch of Mugil spp. in the Marmara Sea (1995–2007)
Page 1 and 2: GENERAL FISHERIES COMMISSION FOR TH
Page 3 and 4: iii PREPARATION OF THIS DOCUMENT Th
Page 5 and 6: v CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......
Page 7 and 8: vii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 - The
Page 9 and 10: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 9 Biota of the Bl
Page 11 and 12: 11 Figure 1 - The Black Sea The pre
Page 13 and 14: 13 conditions are favorable to thei
Page 15 and 16: 15 This species comes originally fr
Page 17 and 18: 17 depends on the size of the comb
Page 19 and 20: 19 respectively. The former two ass
Page 21 and 22: 21 Figure 7 - Anchovy catch and cte
Page 23 and 24: 23 these lessepsian migrants need t
Page 25 and 26: 25 these organisms. They need to be
Page 27 and 28: 2. STATUS OF ALIEN SPECIES IN THE M
Page 29 and 30: 29 Table 2.1 - List of alien specie
Page 31: 31 increasing steadily until 1999 (
Page 35 and 36: 35 Marmara Sea interactions should
Page 37 and 38: 37 Mediterranean Sea (Figure 19). S
Page 39 and 40: 39 Figure 20 - Main routes of shipp
Page 41 and 42: 41 Figure 22 - The Suez Canal (Por,
Page 43 and 44: 43 vessel-transported and 4 percent
Page 45 and 46: 45 Mediterranean ichthyofauna and t
Page 47 and 48: 47 Species name Fisheries* Aquacult
Page 49 and 50: Syrian Arab Republic 49 Saad (2005)
Page 51 and 52: 51 Iskenderun Bay, Penaeus kerathur
Page 53 and 54: 53 4. HARMFUL ALIEN SPECIES AND IMP
Page 55 and 56: 55 Table 4.3 - Harmful alien specie
Page 57 and 58: 57 empty niches to establish themse
Page 59 and 60: 59 Besides C. taxifolia, C. racemos
Page 61 and 62: 61 According to the protocol concer
Page 63 and 64: REFERENCES 63 Akçali, B. and Cirik
Page 65 and 66: 65 Gravez, V., (eds). First Interna
Page 67 and 68: 67 Düzgünes, E., Şahin, C., Baş
Page 69 and 70: 69 of YugNIRO Complex Researches in
Page 71 and 72: 71 Lasram-Rais, B.F. and Mouillot,
Page 73 and 74: 73 Öztürk, B., Poyraz, Ö. and Ö
Page 75 and 76: 75 Shiganova, T.A., Tarkan, A.N., D
Page 77 and 78: 77 Yokes, B. and Galil, B.S. 2006b.
Page 79 and 80: Species Origin Vector Gibborissoa v
Page 81 and 82: Species Origin Vector Chrysallida m
Page 83 and 84:
Species Origin Vector Caloria indic
Page 85 and 86:
Species Origin Vector Tellina valto
Page 87 and 88:
87 Appendix 2 (a): List of lessepsi
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Appendix 2 (b): List of non-lesseps
Page 91 and 92:
91 Appendix 3: Species number and d
Page 93 and 94:
Species 93 Origin Aegean Marmara Bl
Page 95 and 96:
95 Champsodon nudivittis (Ogilby, 1
Page 97 and 98:
Saurida undosquamis Scomberomorus c
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Sillago shiama Siganus rivulatus Si
Page 101 and 102:
Marsupenaeus japonicus Melicertus h
Page 103 and 104:
Mnemiopsis leidyi Rhopilema nomadic
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Status of alien species in the Mediterranean and Black Sea

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