Status of alien species in the Mediterranean and Black Sea

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62 However, there is no succces story for Caulerpa species even though several initiatives have been developed for eradication of the species to the entire Mediterranean Sea. To collect new and accurate information on the occurrence of alien species, a reporting and monitoring system is required. In this system, fishers must report to fisheries cooperatives or relavent fisheries authorities whenever they find unusual organisms in their catch. Then, the relevant authorities report to the Ministry in charge of fisheries. GFCM or other international organizations collect these data regularly to update the database. As several initiatives already exist for alien species, GFCM can focus particularly on the fisheries aspects. The riparian countries can benefit from this database in case of incidents related to alien species. Regarding the introduction and transfer of alien species, some Mediterranean countries already have legislation and guidelines, but the regional enforcement is weak and a regional updated code of practice of the transfer or introduction of alien species is needed. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) to impove the conservation of native marine biodiversity, creating more MPAs and their networks in the Mediterranean and Black Seas may be mitigating fast spreading of the alien species.A healthy pristine ecosystem may defend the native fauna and flora of the Mediterranean and Black Seas while stress on marine environment favors the spreading and facilitating of alien species. Therefore key species and key habitats, for example, Posidonia meadows, should be protected for maintaining such healthy ecosystems to combat alien species invasion in the Mediterranean Sea. Alien species have already created considerable new market at least in the eastern Mediterreanean Sea beside the fish production by aquaculture and regular fishing operations and this is considered as beneficial. This demand is growing due to mass tourism mostly during summer months in the eastern Mediterranean Sea.
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Page 1 and 2:
GENERAL FISHERIES COMMISSION FOR TH
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iii PREPARATION OF THIS DOCUMENT Th
Page 5 and 6:
v CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......
Page 7 and 8:
vii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 - The
Page 9 and 10:
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 9 Biota of the Bl
Page 11 and 12: 11 Figure 1 - The Black Sea The pre
Page 13 and 14: 13 conditions are favorable to thei
Page 15 and 16: 15 This species comes originally fr
Page 17 and 18: 17 depends on the size of the comb
Page 19 and 20: 19 respectively. The former two ass
Page 21 and 22: 21 Figure 7 - Anchovy catch and cte
Page 23 and 24: 23 these lessepsian migrants need t
Page 25 and 26: 25 these organisms. They need to be
Page 27 and 28: 2. STATUS OF ALIEN SPECIES IN THE M
Page 29 and 30: 29 Table 2.1 - List of alien specie
Page 31 and 32: 31 increasing steadily until 1999 (
Page 33 and 34: 33 Figure 16 - Catch of Rapana veno
Page 35 and 36: 35 Marmara Sea interactions should
Page 37 and 38: 37 Mediterranean Sea (Figure 19). S
Page 39 and 40: 39 Figure 20 - Main routes of shipp
Page 41 and 42: 41 Figure 22 - The Suez Canal (Por,
Page 43 and 44: 43 vessel-transported and 4 percent
Page 45 and 46: 45 Mediterranean ichthyofauna and t
Page 47 and 48: 47 Species name Fisheries* Aquacult
Page 49 and 50: Syrian Arab Republic 49 Saad (2005)
Page 51 and 52: 51 Iskenderun Bay, Penaeus kerathur
Page 53 and 54: 53 4. HARMFUL ALIEN SPECIES AND IMP
Page 55 and 56: 55 Table 4.3 - Harmful alien specie
Page 57 and 58: 57 empty niches to establish themse
Page 59 and 60: 59 Besides C. taxifolia, C. racemos
Page 61: 61 According to the protocol concer
Page 65 and 66: 65 Gravez, V., (eds). First Interna
Page 67 and 68: 67 Düzgünes, E., Şahin, C., Baş
Page 69 and 70: 69 of YugNIRO Complex Researches in
Page 71 and 72: 71 Lasram-Rais, B.F. and Mouillot,
Page 73 and 74: 73 Öztürk, B., Poyraz, Ö. and Ö
Page 75 and 76: 75 Shiganova, T.A., Tarkan, A.N., D
Page 77 and 78: 77 Yokes, B. and Galil, B.S. 2006b.
Page 79 and 80: Species Origin Vector Gibborissoa v
Page 81 and 82: Species Origin Vector Chrysallida m
Page 83 and 84: Species Origin Vector Caloria indic
Page 85 and 86: Species Origin Vector Tellina valto
Page 87 and 88: 87 Appendix 2 (a): List of lessepsi
Page 89 and 90: Appendix 2 (b): List of non-lesseps
Page 91 and 92: 91 Appendix 3: Species number and d
Page 93 and 94: Species 93 Origin Aegean Marmara Bl
Page 95 and 96: 95 Champsodon nudivittis (Ogilby, 1
Page 97 and 98: Saurida undosquamis Scomberomorus c
Page 99 and 100: Sillago shiama Siganus rivulatus Si
Page 101 and 102: Marsupenaeus japonicus Melicertus h
Page 103 and 104: Mnemiopsis leidyi Rhopilema nomadic
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Status of alien species in the Mediterranean and Black Sea

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