Status of alien species in the Mediterranean and Black Sea

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vi 3.3.4 Evaluation of lessepsian molluscs catch ............................................................. 51 3.3.5 Lessepsian marine mammal species ................................................................... 52 4. HARMFUL ALIEN SPECIES AND IMPACTS ................................................................. 53 4.1 Poisonous alien fish species ....................................................................................... 53 4.2 Harmful alien jellyfish and its impacts ...................................................................... 53 4.3 Impacts on fisheries ................................................................................................... 54 4.4 Impacts on tourism, human health and other socio-economic activities ................... 54 4.5 Impacts on biodiversity .............................................................................................. 55 4.6 Intentionally and unintentionally introduced alien species in the mediterranean sea and their impacts ........................................................................................................ 58 4.7 Conclusion and recommendations for the Mediterranean sea ................................... 60 REFERENCES ......................................................................................................................... 63 APPENDICES .......................................................................................................................... 78
vii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 – The Black Sea ......................................................................................................... 11 Figure 2 – Vertical profile of salinity, temperature and density of the Black Sea ................... 11 Figure 3 – Main shipping routes in the Black Sea ................................................................... 13 Figure 4 – Donor areas of alien species and their proportions in the Black Sea (Shiganova and Öztürk, 2009) ........................................................................................................................... 14 Figure 5 – Distribution of Mnemiopsis leidyi in the Black Sea during the maximum development in September 1998. ............................................................................................. 16 Figure 6 – Catch of Rapana venosa by the Black Sea countries (in 1985–2005) (Modified from BSC, 2008) ...................................................................................................................... 18 Figure 7 – Anchovy catch and ctenophore biomass in the Black Sea (Niermann, 2004) ........ 21 Figure 8 – Catch of anchovy by Turkey (2000–2007) ............................................................. 21 Figure 9 – Catch of the horse mackerel from the Turkish part of the Black Sea ..................... 22 Figure 10 – The Marmara Sea .................................................................................................. 27 Figure 12 – Shipping traffic in the Straits of Istanbul (1995–2007) ........................................ 27 Figure 13 – Catches of some pelagic fish species in the Marmara Sea (1980–2000) (Isinibilir et al., 2004) ............................................................................................................................... 31 Figure 14 – Catches of some pelagic fish species in the Marmara Sea (2000–2007) .............. 31 Figure 15 – Years of the first records of Rapana venosa at various locations in the Black, Marmara and Northern Aegean Seas ....................................................................................... 32 Figure 16 – Catch of Rapana venosa in the Marmara Sea from 1995 to 2007 ........................ 33 Figure 17 – Catch of Mugil spp. in the Marmara Sea (1995–2007) ........................................ 33 Figure 18 – Sightings of Chrysaora hysoscella in the Marmara and Black Seas in 2009 (shown by red dots) ............................................................................................................................... 34 Figure 18 – Mediterranean Sea ................................................................................................ 36 Figure 19 – Cumulative number of alien species recorded in the Mediterranean Sea from 1900 to 2007 (top) and number of alien species in the Mediterranean Sea, presented by means of introduction, before and after 1950 (bottom) (Galil, 2008a) .................................................... 38 Figure 20 – Main routes of shipping in the Mediterranean Sea ............................................... 39 Figure 21 – Straits in the Mediterranean and Black Seas ........................................................ 40 Figure 22 – The Suez Canal (Por, 1978) .................................................................................. 41 Figure 23 – Catch of the narrow-barred Spanish mackerel from 1985 to 2005 for Algeria, Egypt and Israel ........................................................................................................................ 50
Page 1 and 2: GENERAL FISHERIES COMMISSION FOR TH
Page 3 and 4: iii PREPARATION OF THIS DOCUMENT Th
Page 5: v CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......
Page 9 and 10: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 9 Biota of the Bl
Page 11 and 12: 11 Figure 1 - The Black Sea The pre
Page 13 and 14: 13 conditions are favorable to thei
Page 15 and 16: 15 This species comes originally fr
Page 17 and 18: 17 depends on the size of the comb
Page 19 and 20: 19 respectively. The former two ass
Page 21 and 22: 21 Figure 7 - Anchovy catch and cte
Page 23 and 24: 23 these lessepsian migrants need t
Page 25 and 26: 25 these organisms. They need to be
Page 27 and 28: 2. STATUS OF ALIEN SPECIES IN THE M
Page 29 and 30: 29 Table 2.1 - List of alien specie
Page 31 and 32: 31 increasing steadily until 1999 (
Page 33 and 34: 33 Figure 16 - Catch of Rapana veno
Page 35 and 36: 35 Marmara Sea interactions should
Page 37 and 38: 37 Mediterranean Sea (Figure 19). S
Page 39 and 40: 39 Figure 20 - Main routes of shipp
Page 41 and 42: 41 Figure 22 - The Suez Canal (Por,
Page 43 and 44: 43 vessel-transported and 4 percent
Page 45 and 46: 45 Mediterranean ichthyofauna and t
Page 47 and 48: 47 Species name Fisheries* Aquacult
Page 49 and 50: Syrian Arab Republic 49 Saad (2005)
Page 51 and 52: 51 Iskenderun Bay, Penaeus kerathur
Page 53 and 54: 53 4. HARMFUL ALIEN SPECIES AND IMP
Page 55 and 56: 55 Table 4.3 - Harmful alien specie
Page 57 and 58:
57 empty niches to establish themse
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59 Besides C. taxifolia, C. racemos
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61 According to the protocol concer
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REFERENCES 63 Akçali, B. and Cirik
Page 65 and 66:
65 Gravez, V., (eds). First Interna
Page 67 and 68:
67 Düzgünes, E., Şahin, C., Baş
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69 of YugNIRO Complex Researches in
Page 71 and 72:
71 Lasram-Rais, B.F. and Mouillot,
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73 Öztürk, B., Poyraz, Ö. and Ö
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75 Shiganova, T.A., Tarkan, A.N., D
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77 Yokes, B. and Galil, B.S. 2006b.
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Species Origin Vector Gibborissoa v
Page 81 and 82:
Species Origin Vector Chrysallida m
Page 83 and 84:
Species Origin Vector Caloria indic
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Species Origin Vector Tellina valto
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87 Appendix 2 (a): List of lessepsi
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Appendix 2 (b): List of non-lesseps
Page 91 and 92:
91 Appendix 3: Species number and d
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Species 93 Origin Aegean Marmara Bl
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95 Champsodon nudivittis (Ogilby, 1
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Saurida undosquamis Scomberomorus c
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Sillago shiama Siganus rivulatus Si
Page 101 and 102:
Marsupenaeus japonicus Melicertus h
Page 103 and 104:
Mnemiopsis leidyi Rhopilema nomadic
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Status of alien species in the Mediterranean and Black Sea

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