penaeus monodon - Cochin University of Science and Technology

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Plate Se. Section of control shrimp. Note the normal structure of the lymphoid organ (arrow head) and antennal gland (arrow). H & E 200x Plate 6a. Section of hepatopancreas of P. monodon postlarvae given 50 ppb aflatoxin BJ• Note the change in structure of the tubules (arrow head) and loss of tubules (arrow). H & E 200 x Plate 6b. Mild necrosis in section of hepatopancreas of postlarvae dosed 500 ppb aflatoxin BJ• H & E 400x Plate 6e. Severe necrosis revealed in the hepatopancreas of postlarvae given 2000 ppb aflatoxinB J• H & E 400x Plate 7a. Hepatopancreas of P. monodon postlarvae in the control shrimp in the AFB J- heavy metal interactive study. H & E 200x Plate 7b. Section of hepatopancreas of shrimp treated with copper and aflatoxin BJ revealing severe necrosis (arrow) and rounding of cells (arrow head). H & E 400x Plate 7e. Section of hepatopancreas of shrimp treated with cadmium and aflatoxin showing desquamation of cells (arrow) and loss of structure of tubules (small arrow). H & E 200x Plate 8a. P. monodon in the control group Plate 8b. Tail rot in shrimp fed 1000 ppb aflatoxin B J in the diet. Plate 8e. Reddish discolouration observed in shrimps dosed 2000 ppb aflatoxin BJ in the diet Plate 9a. Hepatopancreas of control shrimp showing normal size and colour Plate 9b. Hepatopancreas of shrimp given 2000 ppb aflatoxin BJ showing reduced size, altered shape and pale discolouration Plate lOa. Total haemocyte count in the control group Plate lOb. Total haemocyte count in 2000 ppb aflatoxin BJ fed group
Plate 10c. Differential haemocyte count showing granulocyte and hyalinocyte in the control shrimp Plate 10d. Differential haemocyte count revealing semi-granulocytes in the control shrimp Plate 10e. Yeast particles attached to haemocytes in the control shrimp Plate 10C. Yeast particles phagocytosed by the haemocytes in the control shrimp Plate 11a. Section of hepatopancreas of shrimp given 50 ppb aflatoxin BJ at 4 weeks revealing change in structure of tubules (arrow) and loss of brush border appearance (arrow head). H & E 200x Plate lIb. Hepatopancreas of 50 ppb aflatoxin BJ fed shrimp at 4 weeks. Note the haemocytic nodule formation in the tubules (arrow). H & E200x Plate 11c. Section of shrimp revealing mild necrosis in the gill region and muscles in shrimp given 50 ppb aflatoxin BJ at 4 weeks. H&E 200x Plate 12a. Section of hepatopanceas of 50 ppb aflatoxin BJ fed shrimp after 8 weeks showing desquamation of tubules (arrow) and loss of cells (arrow head). H & E 200x Plate 12b. Hepatopancreas section of 50 ppb aflatoxin BJ dosed shrimp after 8 weeks revealing necrosis (arrow) and desquamation (arrow head). H & E 400x Plate 12c. Section revealing mild vacuolation in the lymphoid organ of shrimp given 50 ppb aflatoxin BJ at 4 weeks. H & E 200x. Plate 13a. Hepatopancreas of shrimp given 100 ppb aflatoxin BJ at 4 weeks. Note the cellular inflammatory response (arrow head) and loss of cells (arrow). H & E 200x
Page 3 and 4: CONTENTS Preface i-ii Acknowledgeme
Page 5 and 6: PREFACE The spectacular progress sc
Page 8 and 9: study in P. monodon 64 Chapter 4 Ta
Page 10 and 11: Table 4.25. ANOV A of hyalinocyte i
Page 12 and 13: Table 4.51. Levels of glucose, chol
Page 14 and 15: Fig. 4.10. Serum cholesterol levels
Page 18 and 19: Plate 13b. Section of hepatopancrea
Page 20 and 21: Plate 20b. Section of the gills rev
Page 22 and 23: Plate 2Sc. Electron micrograph depi
Page 24 and 25: List of Abbreviations AB- Amrita Bi
Page 26 and 27: INTRODUCTION The success tales of t
Page 28 and 29: hazard. It cannot be eliminated fro
Page 31 and 32: Chapter 11 Review of Literature
Page 33 and 34: effects and general digestive disor
Page 35 and 36: genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, tera
Page 37 and 38: aflatoxin B J in rats (Raisuddin et
Page 39 and 40: aflatoxin as the aetiological agent
Page 41 and 42: alterations like dystrophy of liver
Page 43 and 44: trout fed 20 ppb AFB). Juvenile roh
Page 45 and 46: mass mortalities of P. monodon in c
Page 47 and 48: elow detection limit of 2 ppb III s
Page 49 and 50: 2.2. Effect of other toxins and hea
Page 51 and 52: 2.3.1. Detoxification and ameliorat
Page 53 and 54: Biological methods of decontaminati
Page 55: Verma et al. (2001) enumerated the
Page 58 and 59: 2.3.6 Other chemicals and enzymes L
Page 60 and 61: 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experiment
Page 62 and 63: hypochlorite (200 ppm) and vigorous
Page 65: Fig. 3.3. Flow chart for estimation
Page 70 and 71:
Added 1 ml of aflatest developer to
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each of the three treatments and th
Page 74 and 75:
1400 hours (30%) and 1800 (40%) hou
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cadmium chloride in 10 ml of distil
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in the rearing water and fed 500 pp
Page 81 and 82:
3.7.2. Feed preparation All the fee
Page 83 and 84:
fonnalin and cooled in refrigerator
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DPX, the micro slides were observed
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supematant to test tube marked as t
Page 90 and 91:
Separation of AFBl by TLC The stand
Page 92 and 93:
Plate 2a . Set up for the experimen
Page 94 and 95:
Haemolymph collections were made fr
Page 96 and 97:
The absorbance was measured at 520
Page 98 and 99:
Chapter IV Results
Page 100 and 101:
4.2. Growth and feed performance in
Page 102 and 103:
intake in the control was about 15%
Page 104 and 105:
Specific growth rate The mean speci
Page 108 and 109:
Fig. 4.2. Protein efficiency ratio
Page 110 and 111:
Histological changes The cephalotho
Page 112 and 113:
Plate 5 Plate 5a. Section showing t
Page 117 and 118:
Table 4.15. Growth responses of P.
Page 119 and 120:
Protein efficiency ratio (PER) and
Page 121 and 122:
While in the fourth group, (cadmium
Page 123 and 124:
Plate 9 Plate 9a. Hepatopancreas of
Page 125 and 126:
Table 4.22. Effect of AFBI on total
Page 127 and 128:
Table 4.24. Differential haemocyte
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Plate lOa. Total haemocyte count in
Page 131 and 132:
Table 4.31. ANOVA of phenol oxidase
Page 134 and 135:
Table 4.36. Total serum protein lev
Page 136:
Table.4.40. Serum cholesterol level
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of the hepatopancreas. No change wa
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Plate 13 Plate 13a. Hepatopancreas
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Plate 15 Plate l.5a. Section ofhepa
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149:
tissue growth around the tubules, h
Page 154 and 155:
Plate 25a. Electron micrograph of h
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observed (Plate 22a-22d). After 8 w
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Gross pathology After 30 days of ex
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group 5 (Amrita Bindu), 6 (Vit.E),
Page 162 and 163:
A/G ratio The mean Albumin IGlobuli
Page 164:
Fig. 4.14. Albumin/Globulin ratio i
Page 168 and 169:
Aspartate transaminase (AST/SGOT) T
Page 170 and 171:
Plate 28a. Hepatopancreas section o
Page 172 and 173:
Chapter V Discussion
Page 174 and 175:
Table 5.1. Aflatoxin levels in diff
Page 176 and 177:
AFBl on other growth indices like p
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Copper and cadmium were selected fo
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and Reciman, 1985) and P.monodon (B
Page 182 and 183:
circulating haemocyte number can be
Page 184 and 185:
(ProPo) present in the haemocytes,
Page 186 and 187:
mycotoxins such as AFB 1, may arise
Page 188 and 189:
weeks. However, the authors did not
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lumen, loss of architecture of cell
Page 192 and 193:
lipids in the bio-membranes by free
Page 194 and 195:
safety, safeguarding of nutritional
Page 196 and 197:
cytoplasmic tramsaminase present in
Page 198 and 199:
hepatopancreas, hence contributes t
Page 200 and 201:
of mice (Verma and Nair, 2001). In
Page 202:
CONCLUSION The current study has re
Page 209 and 210:
REFERENCES Abdel-Wahhab, M. A, S.A
Page 211 and 212:
with a high affinity aluminosilicat
Page 213 and 214:
Dalvi, R. R. 1986. An overview of a
Page 215 and 216:
Haller, R. D. and R. 1. Roberts. 19
Page 217:
Kiessling, K. H. 1986. Biochemical
Page 220 and 221:
Nunez,O., 1. D. Hendricks and A. T.
Page 222 and 223:
Raju, M.V.L.N., S.V.Rama Rao, K. Ra
Page 224:
supplement for the prevention of ni
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penaeus monodon - Cochin University of Science and Technology

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