penaeus monodon - Cochin University of Science and Technology

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Plate 2Sc. Electron micrograph depicting condensation of mitochondria (CM) and fragmentation of endoplasmic reticulim (ERF). 20000x Plate 2Sd. Electron micrograph revealing whorl formation in the hepatopancreas of shrimp fed 2000 ppb AFB 1 at 8 weeks. 15000x Plate 26a. Electron micrograph depicting the chromatin condensation in the nucleus (C) and loss of cell organe11es (LO).30000x Plate 26b. Electron micrograph of the hepatopancres of shrimp given 2000 ppb aflatoxin at 8 weeks revealing fragmentation of endoplasmic reticulum (ERF), loss of cristae in mitochondria (arrow), vesicle formation (arrow head). 4000x Plate 26c. Electron micrograph showing a vessicle formed (VF) in the hepatopancres of shrimp given 2000 ppb aflatoxin Bl at 8 weeks. Note the broken swollen mitochondria (SM) in the cytoplasm. 5000x Plate 26d. Electron micrograph of hepatopancres of shrimp fed 2000 ppb aflatoxin Bl at 8 weeks. Note the begining of autophagy formation (AF) and condensation of mitochondria (CM) .17000x Plate 27a. P. monodon of control shrimp in the amelioration study Plate 27b. P.monodon of shrimp fed 500 ppb aflatoxin Bl showing reddish discolouration Plate 28a. Hepatopancreas section of the control shrimp used in the amelioration study. H & E 100x Plate 28b. Hepatopancreas section of shrimp administered Amrita Bindu for amelioration of AFBl toxicity. H & E 200x Plate 28c. Hepatopancreas section of shrimp given Vitamin E for amelioration of aflatoxin Bl toxicity. H & E 200x Plate 28d. Section of hepatopancreas of shrimp given Vitamin K in amelioration study. H & E 400 x
Plate 28e. Section of hepatopancreas of shrimp in group given 500 ppb aflatoxin BI in amelioration study revealing detachment of tubules and fibrosis. H & E 400 x Plate 28f. Hepatopancreas of shrimp in group given 500 ppb aflatoxin Bl showing haemocytic infiltration and complete necrosed stage. H&E400x.
Page 3 and 4: CONTENTS Preface i-ii Acknowledgeme
Page 5 and 6: PREFACE The spectacular progress sc
Page 8 and 9: study in P. monodon 64 Chapter 4 Ta
Page 10 and 11: Table 4.25. ANOV A of hyalinocyte i
Page 12 and 13: Table 4.51. Levels of glucose, chol
Page 14 and 15: Fig. 4.10. Serum cholesterol levels
Page 16 and 17: Plate Se. Section of control shrimp
Page 18 and 19: Plate 13b. Section of hepatopancrea
Page 20 and 21: Plate 20b. Section of the gills rev
Page 24 and 25: List of Abbreviations AB- Amrita Bi
Page 26 and 27: INTRODUCTION The success tales of t
Page 28 and 29: hazard. It cannot be eliminated fro
Page 31 and 32: Chapter 11 Review of Literature
Page 33 and 34: effects and general digestive disor
Page 35 and 36: genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, tera
Page 37 and 38: aflatoxin B J in rats (Raisuddin et
Page 39 and 40: aflatoxin as the aetiological agent
Page 41 and 42: alterations like dystrophy of liver
Page 43 and 44: trout fed 20 ppb AFB). Juvenile roh
Page 45 and 46: mass mortalities of P. monodon in c
Page 47 and 48: elow detection limit of 2 ppb III s
Page 49 and 50: 2.2. Effect of other toxins and hea
Page 51 and 52: 2.3.1. Detoxification and ameliorat
Page 53 and 54: Biological methods of decontaminati
Page 55: Verma et al. (2001) enumerated the
Page 58 and 59: 2.3.6 Other chemicals and enzymes L
Page 60 and 61: 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experiment
Page 62 and 63: hypochlorite (200 ppm) and vigorous
Page 65: Fig. 3.3. Flow chart for estimation
Page 70 and 71: Added 1 ml of aflatest developer to
Page 72 and 73:
each of the three treatments and th
Page 74 and 75:
1400 hours (30%) and 1800 (40%) hou
Page 76 and 77:
cadmium chloride in 10 ml of distil
Page 78 and 79:
in the rearing water and fed 500 pp
Page 81 and 82:
3.7.2. Feed preparation All the fee
Page 83 and 84:
fonnalin and cooled in refrigerator
Page 85 and 86:
DPX, the micro slides were observed
Page 87 and 88:
supematant to test tube marked as t
Page 90 and 91:
Separation of AFBl by TLC The stand
Page 92 and 93:
Plate 2a . Set up for the experimen
Page 94 and 95:
Haemolymph collections were made fr
Page 96 and 97:
The absorbance was measured at 520
Page 98 and 99:
Chapter IV Results
Page 100 and 101:
4.2. Growth and feed performance in
Page 102 and 103:
intake in the control was about 15%
Page 104 and 105:
Specific growth rate The mean speci
Page 108 and 109:
Fig. 4.2. Protein efficiency ratio
Page 110 and 111:
Histological changes The cephalotho
Page 112 and 113:
Plate 5 Plate 5a. Section showing t
Page 117 and 118:
Table 4.15. Growth responses of P.
Page 119 and 120:
Protein efficiency ratio (PER) and
Page 121 and 122:
While in the fourth group, (cadmium
Page 123 and 124:
Plate 9 Plate 9a. Hepatopancreas of
Page 125 and 126:
Table 4.22. Effect of AFBI on total
Page 127 and 128:
Table 4.24. Differential haemocyte
Page 129 and 130:
Plate lOa. Total haemocyte count in
Page 131 and 132:
Table 4.31. ANOVA of phenol oxidase
Page 134 and 135:
Table 4.36. Total serum protein lev
Page 136:
Table.4.40. Serum cholesterol level
Page 139 and 140:
of the hepatopancreas. No change wa
Page 141 and 142:
Plate 13 Plate 13a. Hepatopancreas
Page 143 and 144:
Plate 15 Plate l.5a. Section ofhepa
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149:
tissue growth around the tubules, h
Page 154 and 155:
Plate 25a. Electron micrograph of h
Page 156 and 157:
observed (Plate 22a-22d). After 8 w
Page 158 and 159:
Gross pathology After 30 days of ex
Page 160 and 161:
group 5 (Amrita Bindu), 6 (Vit.E),
Page 162 and 163:
A/G ratio The mean Albumin IGlobuli
Page 164:
Fig. 4.14. Albumin/Globulin ratio i
Page 168 and 169:
Aspartate transaminase (AST/SGOT) T
Page 170 and 171:
Plate 28a. Hepatopancreas section o
Page 172 and 173:
Chapter V Discussion
Page 174 and 175:
Table 5.1. Aflatoxin levels in diff
Page 176 and 177:
AFBl on other growth indices like p
Page 178 and 179:
Copper and cadmium were selected fo
Page 180 and 181:
and Reciman, 1985) and P.monodon (B
Page 182 and 183:
circulating haemocyte number can be
Page 184 and 185:
(ProPo) present in the haemocytes,
Page 186 and 187:
mycotoxins such as AFB 1, may arise
Page 188 and 189:
weeks. However, the authors did not
Page 190 and 191:
lumen, loss of architecture of cell
Page 192 and 193:
lipids in the bio-membranes by free
Page 194 and 195:
safety, safeguarding of nutritional
Page 196 and 197:
cytoplasmic tramsaminase present in
Page 198 and 199:
hepatopancreas, hence contributes t
Page 200 and 201:
of mice (Verma and Nair, 2001). In
Page 202:
CONCLUSION The current study has re
Page 209 and 210:
REFERENCES Abdel-Wahhab, M. A, S.A
Page 211 and 212:
with a high affinity aluminosilicat
Page 213 and 214:
Dalvi, R. R. 1986. An overview of a
Page 215 and 216:
Haller, R. D. and R. 1. Roberts. 19
Page 217:
Kiessling, K. H. 1986. Biochemical
Page 220 and 221:
Nunez,O., 1. D. Hendricks and A. T.
Page 222 and 223:
Raju, M.V.L.N., S.V.Rama Rao, K. Ra
Page 224:
supplement for the prevention of ni
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penaeus monodon - Cochin University of Science and Technology

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