penaeus monodon - Cochin University of Science and Technology

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Plate 13b. Section of hepatopancreas of shrimp fed 100 ppb aflatoxin Bl at 4 weeks revealing elongation of the tubules and loss of cells (arrow head). H & E 200 x Plate 13c. Haemocytic infiltration (arrow) revealed in the hepatopancreas section of shrimp given 100 ppb aflatoxin Bl at 4 weeks. H & E 400x Plate 14a. Section of Hepatopancreas of 100 ppb aflatoxin Bl treated shrimp at 8 weeks revealing rounding of cells (arrow) and loss of cells (arrow head). H & E 200x Plate 14b. Section of hepatopancreas of 100 ppb aflatoxin Bl treated shrimp at 8 weeks. Note the necrotic changes (arrow) and loss of tubules (arrow head). H & E 200 x Plate 14c. Enlarged view of the hepatopancreas of shrimp given 100 ppb aflatoxin Bl diet showing necrosis. H & E 400 x Plate ISa. Section of hepatoapncreas of shrimp fed 150 ppb aflatoxin Bl at 4 weeks showing fibrous growth (arrow head) and desquamated cells (arrow) H & E 200 x Plate ISb. Hepatopancreas section of shrimp given 150 ppb aflatoxin Bl at 4 weeks revealing an enlarged view of completely desquamated cell (arrow) and fibrosis (arrow head). H & E 400x Plate ISc. Section of hepatopancreas of 150 ppb aflatoxin Bl treated shrimp at 8 weeks. Note the replacement of cells by fibrous growth H & E 200x Plate 16a. Hepatopancreas of 500 ppb AFB I dosed shrimp at 4 weeks showing extensive fibrosis (arrow head) and cell elongation (arrow) H & E 100x Plate 16b. Enlarged view of section of hepatopancreas of shrimp fed 500 ppb AFBl at 4 weeks. Note a degenerative tubule without cells. H & E 400x
Plate 16e. Section revealing a completely necrosed area in the hepatopancreas of 500 ppb aflatoxin treated shrimp at 8 weeks. H & E200x Plate 17a. Hepatopancreas of shrimp fed 1000 ppb aflatoxin BI at 4 weeks revealing severe fibrosis of the tubules. H & E 200x Plate 17b. Enlarged view of the hepatopancreas tubule of 1000 ppb aflatoxin BI treated shrimp showing haemocytic infiltration. H & E400x Plate 17e. Necrosis (arrow head) and fibrosis (arrow) observed in the section of hepatopancreas of 1000 ppb aflatoxin B1 treated shrimp at 4 weeks. H & E 200x Plate18a. Hepatopancreas of 1000 ppb aflatoxin B1 treated shrimp at 8 weeks revealing inflammatory response (arrow head) and tubule elongation (arrow). H & E 200x Plate 18b. Severe necrosis in the section of the hepatopancreas of 1000 ppb aflatoxin B1 dosed shrimp at 8 weeks. H & E 100x Plate 18e. Section of the hepatopancreas showing inflammatory response and cell detachment in shrimp fed 1000 ppb aflatoxin B1 at 8 weeks. H &E 200x Plate 19a. Hepatopancreas section of 2000 ppb aflatoxin B1 fed shrimp showing severe necrosis at 4 weeks. H & E 400x Plate 19b. Section of hepatopancreas of shrimp given 2000 ppb aflatoxin B 1 showing atrophy of the tubules. H & E 100x Plate 1ge. Severe necrosis and cellular inflammatory response observed in the section of the hepatopancreas of shrimp dosed 2000 ppb aflatoxin. H & E 400x Plate 20a. Note the loss of cells in the tubules of hepatopancreas (arrow), haemocytic infiltration (arrow head) in shrimp fed 2000 ppb aflatoxin BI at 8 weeks. H & E 400x
Page 3 and 4: CONTENTS Preface i-ii Acknowledgeme
Page 5 and 6: PREFACE The spectacular progress sc
Page 8 and 9: study in P. monodon 64 Chapter 4 Ta
Page 10 and 11: Table 4.25. ANOV A of hyalinocyte i
Page 12 and 13: Table 4.51. Levels of glucose, chol
Page 14 and 15: Fig. 4.10. Serum cholesterol levels
Page 16 and 17: Plate Se. Section of control shrimp
Page 20 and 21: Plate 20b. Section of the gills rev
Page 22 and 23: Plate 2Sc. Electron micrograph depi
Page 24 and 25: List of Abbreviations AB- Amrita Bi
Page 26 and 27: INTRODUCTION The success tales of t
Page 28 and 29: hazard. It cannot be eliminated fro
Page 31 and 32: Chapter 11 Review of Literature
Page 33 and 34: effects and general digestive disor
Page 35 and 36: genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, tera
Page 37 and 38: aflatoxin B J in rats (Raisuddin et
Page 39 and 40: aflatoxin as the aetiological agent
Page 41 and 42: alterations like dystrophy of liver
Page 43 and 44: trout fed 20 ppb AFB). Juvenile roh
Page 45 and 46: mass mortalities of P. monodon in c
Page 47 and 48: elow detection limit of 2 ppb III s
Page 49 and 50: 2.2. Effect of other toxins and hea
Page 51 and 52: 2.3.1. Detoxification and ameliorat
Page 53 and 54: Biological methods of decontaminati
Page 55: Verma et al. (2001) enumerated the
Page 58 and 59: 2.3.6 Other chemicals and enzymes L
Page 60 and 61: 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experiment
Page 62 and 63: hypochlorite (200 ppm) and vigorous
Page 65: Fig. 3.3. Flow chart for estimation
Page 70 and 71:
Added 1 ml of aflatest developer to
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each of the three treatments and th
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1400 hours (30%) and 1800 (40%) hou
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cadmium chloride in 10 ml of distil
Page 78 and 79:
in the rearing water and fed 500 pp
Page 81 and 82:
3.7.2. Feed preparation All the fee
Page 83 and 84:
fonnalin and cooled in refrigerator
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DPX, the micro slides were observed
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supematant to test tube marked as t
Page 90 and 91:
Separation of AFBl by TLC The stand
Page 92 and 93:
Plate 2a . Set up for the experimen
Page 94 and 95:
Haemolymph collections were made fr
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The absorbance was measured at 520
Page 98 and 99:
Chapter IV Results
Page 100 and 101:
4.2. Growth and feed performance in
Page 102 and 103:
intake in the control was about 15%
Page 104 and 105:
Specific growth rate The mean speci
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Fig. 4.2. Protein efficiency ratio
Page 110 and 111:
Histological changes The cephalotho
Page 112 and 113:
Plate 5 Plate 5a. Section showing t
Page 117 and 118:
Table 4.15. Growth responses of P.
Page 119 and 120:
Protein efficiency ratio (PER) and
Page 121 and 122:
While in the fourth group, (cadmium
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Plate 9 Plate 9a. Hepatopancreas of
Page 125 and 126:
Table 4.22. Effect of AFBI on total
Page 127 and 128:
Table 4.24. Differential haemocyte
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Plate lOa. Total haemocyte count in
Page 131 and 132:
Table 4.31. ANOVA of phenol oxidase
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Table 4.36. Total serum protein lev
Page 136:
Table.4.40. Serum cholesterol level
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of the hepatopancreas. No change wa
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Plate 13 Plate 13a. Hepatopancreas
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Plate 15 Plate l.5a. Section ofhepa
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149:
tissue growth around the tubules, h
Page 154 and 155:
Plate 25a. Electron micrograph of h
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observed (Plate 22a-22d). After 8 w
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Gross pathology After 30 days of ex
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group 5 (Amrita Bindu), 6 (Vit.E),
Page 162 and 163:
A/G ratio The mean Albumin IGlobuli
Page 164:
Fig. 4.14. Albumin/Globulin ratio i
Page 168 and 169:
Aspartate transaminase (AST/SGOT) T
Page 170 and 171:
Plate 28a. Hepatopancreas section o
Page 172 and 173:
Chapter V Discussion
Page 174 and 175:
Table 5.1. Aflatoxin levels in diff
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AFBl on other growth indices like p
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Copper and cadmium were selected fo
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and Reciman, 1985) and P.monodon (B
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circulating haemocyte number can be
Page 184 and 185:
(ProPo) present in the haemocytes,
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mycotoxins such as AFB 1, may arise
Page 188 and 189:
weeks. However, the authors did not
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lumen, loss of architecture of cell
Page 192 and 193:
lipids in the bio-membranes by free
Page 194 and 195:
safety, safeguarding of nutritional
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cytoplasmic tramsaminase present in
Page 198 and 199:
hepatopancreas, hence contributes t
Page 200 and 201:
of mice (Verma and Nair, 2001). In
Page 202:
CONCLUSION The current study has re
Page 209 and 210:
REFERENCES Abdel-Wahhab, M. A, S.A
Page 211 and 212:
with a high affinity aluminosilicat
Page 213 and 214:
Dalvi, R. R. 1986. An overview of a
Page 215 and 216:
Haller, R. D. and R. 1. Roberts. 19
Page 217:
Kiessling, K. H. 1986. Biochemical
Page 220 and 221:
Nunez,O., 1. D. Hendricks and A. T.
Page 222 and 223:
Raju, M.V.L.N., S.V.Rama Rao, K. Ra
Page 224:
supplement for the prevention of ni
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