penaeus monodon - Cochin University of Science and Technology

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Plate 20b. Section of the gills revealing necrosis at 8 weeks in shrimp fed with 2000 ppb aflatoxin B\. H & E 400x Plate 20c. Section showing vacuolation in the lymphoid organ in shrimp fed 2000 ppb AFB\. H & E lOOx Plate 2Ia. Electron micrograph depicting the gross view of cells in the hepatopancreas of control P. monodon.5000x Plate 2Ib. The ultrastructural view of hepatopancreas of control shrimp showing intact cell membrane, large number of mitochondria (M) and microvilli (mv) projecting into the lumen. l5000x Plate 2Ic. Electron micrograph revealing rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria in the hepatopancreas of shrimp in the control group.l OOOOx Plate 2Id. Electron micrograph of the hepatopancreas of control P. monodon depicting nucleus with euchromatin (EC) and heterochromatin (HC) attached to nuclear membrane. Note ER cisternae and cell membrane. lOOOOx Plate 22a. Electron micrograph of hepatopancreas of shrimp given lOOO ppb AFB\ after 4 weeks showing disintegration of microvilli (arrow). lOOOOx Plate 22b. Electron micrograph of hepatopancreas of lOOO ppb AFB \ fed shrimp after 4 weeks. Note the ER fragmentation with small dilations (ERFD), swollen mitochondria (SM) and condensation of mitochondria (CM). 20000x Plate 22c. Electron micrograph of hepatopancreas of lOOO ppb AFB\ dosed shrimp after 4 weeks showing condensation of chromatin (C) in the nucleus lOOOO x Plate 22d. Electron micrograph of hepatopancreas of shrimp given lOOO ppb AFB \ after 4 weeks depicting fragmentation of ER (ERF) and accumulation of densities, degranulation of mitochondria and broken cell wall. 25000x
Plate 23a. Electron micrograph depicting extensive vacuolation in the hepatopancreas of shrimp fed 1000 ppb AFBI at 8 weeks. 15000x Plate 23b. Electron micrograph showing nuclear vacuolation (NV) in the hepatopancreas of shrimp given 1000 ppb AFBI at 8 weeks. 15000x Plate 23c. Electron micrograph depicting the rounding of cells in the hepatopancreas of shrimp dosed 1000 ppb aflatoxin AFBI at 8 weeks. 8000 x Plate 23d. Electron micrograph of shrimp hepatopancreas given 1000 ppb aflatoxin at 8 weeks revealing nuclear condensation (NC) and granulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ERG). 15000x Plate 24a. Electron micrograph of hepatopancreas of shrimp fed 2000 ppb AFBI at 4 weeks showing lipid droplet (LD), granulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ERG) and loss of nuclear contents (LN). 6000x Plate 24b. Electron micrograph showing the rupture of microvillus border (1mb) into the lumen of the hepatopancreas. Note the swollen mitochondria (SM) in the section. 5000x Plate 24c. Electron micrograph of the hepatopancres of shrimp given 2000 ppb aflatoxin BI at 4 weeks. Note the broken cell membrane (CM), swollen mitochondria (SM) and autophagy (AF). 80000x Plate 24d. Ultrastructural view of hepatopancreas of shrimp fed 2000 ppb AFBI at 4 weeks. Note the swollen mitochondria with loss of cristae.20000x Plate 25a. Electron micrograph of hepatopancreas of shrimp treated 2000 ppb aflatoxin BI at 8 weeks revealing vacuole formation. 6000x Plate 25b. Electron micrograph depicting change in the configuration of mitochondria. 10000x
Page 3 and 4: CONTENTS Preface i-ii Acknowledgeme
Page 5 and 6: PREFACE The spectacular progress sc
Page 8 and 9: study in P. monodon 64 Chapter 4 Ta
Page 10 and 11: Table 4.25. ANOV A of hyalinocyte i
Page 12 and 13: Table 4.51. Levels of glucose, chol
Page 14 and 15: Fig. 4.10. Serum cholesterol levels
Page 16 and 17: Plate Se. Section of control shrimp
Page 18 and 19: Plate 13b. Section of hepatopancrea
Page 22 and 23: Plate 2Sc. Electron micrograph depi
Page 24 and 25: List of Abbreviations AB- Amrita Bi
Page 26 and 27: INTRODUCTION The success tales of t
Page 28 and 29: hazard. It cannot be eliminated fro
Page 31 and 32: Chapter 11 Review of Literature
Page 33 and 34: effects and general digestive disor
Page 35 and 36: genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, tera
Page 37 and 38: aflatoxin B J in rats (Raisuddin et
Page 39 and 40: aflatoxin as the aetiological agent
Page 41 and 42: alterations like dystrophy of liver
Page 43 and 44: trout fed 20 ppb AFB). Juvenile roh
Page 45 and 46: mass mortalities of P. monodon in c
Page 47 and 48: elow detection limit of 2 ppb III s
Page 49 and 50: 2.2. Effect of other toxins and hea
Page 51 and 52: 2.3.1. Detoxification and ameliorat
Page 53 and 54: Biological methods of decontaminati
Page 55: Verma et al. (2001) enumerated the
Page 58 and 59: 2.3.6 Other chemicals and enzymes L
Page 60 and 61: 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experiment
Page 62 and 63: hypochlorite (200 ppm) and vigorous
Page 65: Fig. 3.3. Flow chart for estimation
Page 70 and 71:
Added 1 ml of aflatest developer to
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each of the three treatments and th
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1400 hours (30%) and 1800 (40%) hou
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cadmium chloride in 10 ml of distil
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in the rearing water and fed 500 pp
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3.7.2. Feed preparation All the fee
Page 83 and 84:
fonnalin and cooled in refrigerator
Page 85 and 86:
DPX, the micro slides were observed
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supematant to test tube marked as t
Page 90 and 91:
Separation of AFBl by TLC The stand
Page 92 and 93:
Plate 2a . Set up for the experimen
Page 94 and 95:
Haemolymph collections were made fr
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The absorbance was measured at 520
Page 98 and 99:
Chapter IV Results
Page 100 and 101:
4.2. Growth and feed performance in
Page 102 and 103:
intake in the control was about 15%
Page 104 and 105:
Specific growth rate The mean speci
Page 108 and 109:
Fig. 4.2. Protein efficiency ratio
Page 110 and 111:
Histological changes The cephalotho
Page 112 and 113:
Plate 5 Plate 5a. Section showing t
Page 117 and 118:
Table 4.15. Growth responses of P.
Page 119 and 120:
Protein efficiency ratio (PER) and
Page 121 and 122:
While in the fourth group, (cadmium
Page 123 and 124:
Plate 9 Plate 9a. Hepatopancreas of
Page 125 and 126:
Table 4.22. Effect of AFBI on total
Page 127 and 128:
Table 4.24. Differential haemocyte
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Plate lOa. Total haemocyte count in
Page 131 and 132:
Table 4.31. ANOVA of phenol oxidase
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Table 4.36. Total serum protein lev
Page 136:
Table.4.40. Serum cholesterol level
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of the hepatopancreas. No change wa
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Plate 13 Plate 13a. Hepatopancreas
Page 143 and 144:
Plate 15 Plate l.5a. Section ofhepa
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149:
tissue growth around the tubules, h
Page 154 and 155:
Plate 25a. Electron micrograph of h
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observed (Plate 22a-22d). After 8 w
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Gross pathology After 30 days of ex
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group 5 (Amrita Bindu), 6 (Vit.E),
Page 162 and 163:
A/G ratio The mean Albumin IGlobuli
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Fig. 4.14. Albumin/Globulin ratio i
Page 168 and 169:
Aspartate transaminase (AST/SGOT) T
Page 170 and 171:
Plate 28a. Hepatopancreas section o
Page 172 and 173:
Chapter V Discussion
Page 174 and 175:
Table 5.1. Aflatoxin levels in diff
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AFBl on other growth indices like p
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Copper and cadmium were selected fo
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and Reciman, 1985) and P.monodon (B
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circulating haemocyte number can be
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(ProPo) present in the haemocytes,
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mycotoxins such as AFB 1, may arise
Page 188 and 189:
weeks. However, the authors did not
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lumen, loss of architecture of cell
Page 192 and 193:
lipids in the bio-membranes by free
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safety, safeguarding of nutritional
Page 196 and 197:
cytoplasmic tramsaminase present in
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hepatopancreas, hence contributes t
Page 200 and 201:
of mice (Verma and Nair, 2001). In
Page 202:
CONCLUSION The current study has re
Page 209 and 210:
REFERENCES Abdel-Wahhab, M. A, S.A
Page 211 and 212:
with a high affinity aluminosilicat
Page 213 and 214:
Dalvi, R. R. 1986. An overview of a
Page 215 and 216:
Haller, R. D. and R. 1. Roberts. 19
Page 217:
Kiessling, K. H. 1986. Biochemical
Page 220 and 221:
Nunez,O., 1. D. Hendricks and A. T.
Page 222 and 223:
Raju, M.V.L.N., S.V.Rama Rao, K. Ra
Page 224:
supplement for the prevention of ni
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penaeus monodon - Cochin University of Science and Technology

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