Biochemical and Histopathological Effects of Aflatoxin on ...

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distribution <strong>of</strong> many cellular proteins <strong>and</strong> other constituents will enable pathological perturbations to be diagnosed at the very onset itself in otherwise healthy animals. Investigations <strong>of</strong> pathological alterations at the molecular <strong>and</strong> cellular levels also provide an improved underst<strong>and</strong>ing <strong>of</strong> the biomolecular disturbances induced by the toxic contaminants. The alteration in some <strong>of</strong> the biomarkers can thus act as an early warning system for the presence <strong>of</strong> critical levels <strong>of</strong> toxic pollutants. Histological, cytological <strong>and</strong> cytochemical responses observable from animal tissue sections form an important link between effects at the biochemical level <strong>and</strong> those measured in the whole organism. The tumour suppressor gene, p53 is a molecular genetic biomarker that can be exploited for monitoring carcinogens. Though these genes have been reported in fishes, the effects <strong>of</strong> various carcinogens on them are yet to be properly worked out in fishes. There is a lacuna regarding the molecular changes in nuclear proteins especially the tumor suppressing protein. Of late attempts to develop a proper teleost model, which is available in abundance for the chemically induced carcinogenic studies, are underway. This is more relevant in the Indian context, where the tropical climatic conditions favour the development <strong>of</strong> organic pollutants in addition to the severe damage brought about in the aquatic environment by uncontrolled anthropogenic discharges. The fish Oreochromis mossambicus is an ideal teleost model, mainly due to its hardy nature, ease <strong>of</strong> rearing <strong>and</strong> maintenance, availability <strong>and</strong> also because it is one <strong>of</strong> the commonly cultured species in the south east asian countries. Hence the present study was undertaken in Oreochromis mossambicus with the following objectives: 3
1. To document the biochemical changes mediated by aflatoxin. 2. To study the effect <strong>of</strong>aflatoxin on the lipid peroxidation process. 3. To document the histopathological alterations induced by aflatoxin. 4. To evaluate the effect <strong>of</strong>aflatoxin on nuclear proteins <strong>and</strong> serum proteins with special reference to the tumor suppressor protein namely p53. 5. To evaluate the effects <strong>of</strong>aflatoxin on biological membranes, branchial Na+K+ATPase <strong>and</strong> check for the possible retention <strong>of</strong> aflatoxin in muscle. 4
Page 1: BIOCHEMICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL E
Page 6 and 7: CHAPTER 1 Introduction CHAPTER2 Rev
Page 8 and 9: Estimation ofAST E
Page 10 and 11: 1.0 Introduction Aquaculture today
Page 14 and 15: C H A P T E R Review of</st
Page 16 and 17: 2.3 Structures of
Page 18: animals. As is the case with other
Page 21 and 22: When the dose was increased ten fol
Page 23 and 24: neoplastic cells and</stron
Page 25 and 26: 2.10 b. Carbohydrate and</s
Page 27 and 28: Any discussion in multistage carcin
Page 29 and 30: 3.0 Introduction Fungi grow on pell
Page 31 and 32: imperative to use a method which is
Page 33: MgS04.7H20 FeS0 4.7H20 Distilled wa
Page 36 and 37: 3.3.6 Preparation of</stron
Page 38 and 39: Aflatoxin biosynth
Page 40 and 41: The solubility of
Page 42 and 43: 4.0 Introduction Chemical compounds
Page 44 and 45: Generalized Scheme for Oxidative In
Page 46 and 47: Initiation and pro
Page 49 and 50: (d) Glutathione peroxidase (E.C.l.l
Page 51 and 52: 4.9.l.b Estimation of</stro
Page 53 and 54: Preparation of Tis
Page 55: Procedure Tissues homogenates were
Page 60: was 0.559. Concentration 0.375 ppm
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(Madhusudhanan et al, 2000). But in
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5.0. Introduction Structural <stron
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PLATE 8.5 Section of</stron
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The GlIb section of</strong
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All experimental fish appeared norm
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lesion, serving as precursors <stro
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C H A P T E R 6 Aflatoxin</
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Biochemically, afl
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}.2 Materials and
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incubation, 0.2ml of</stron
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times. Waited for 10 minutes till a
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2. Buffer: Sodium carbonate- bicarb
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added to O.Sml of
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Procedure 2g of fl
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diluent solution. Using a commercia
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Parameter Treatment Urea ( J1 moles
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4 3 .... Cl 2 1 o Control 0.375ppm
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300 250 200 "Cm150 E 100 50 o Contr
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Treatment Parameter P value Cholest
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I Source of Variat
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113 type seem to take an active rol
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C H A P T E R 7 Electrophoretic Ana
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116 Among the many biornarkers the
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118 refrigerator for some time to e
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7.1.2b Reagents for electrophoresis
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7.1.2c Preparation of</stro
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3) 10% SDS 4) 6 M Sodium chloride 5
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) Serum Protein (Non SDS Page) 129
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fragments of simil
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C H A P T E R 8 Effect of</
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may result from destabilization <st
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2) Buffer: Citrate buffer (O.05M) <
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Source of Variatio
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Groups Pvalue Control vs 0.375ppm N
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8.1 Studies on the Erythrocyte Memb
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4) To O.lml of the
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8.ID Discussion The results obtaine
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a) Preparation of
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Source of Variatio
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8.3 Studies On Muscle Retention 8.3
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Detection: Waters 440 Absorbance at
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8.3C Results The results are presen
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9.0 Summary The present study was u
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• Aflatoxin resi
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Abedi A Hand</
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Bruenger, A and Gr
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Egmond H P V and W
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Hendricks J D, Wales J H, Sinnhuber
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Lowry 0 H, Rosenbrough N J, Farr A
Page 202 and 203:
New M B (1987). Feed and</s
Page 204 and 205:
Saber N A (1995). Depression <stron
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Soni KB, Rajan A and</stron
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Verma R J, Kolhe A Sand</st
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