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Summary<br />
Two large explosions were detonated in the North Sea about 80 km east of<br />
Aberdeen on 29 September, 1987, as part of a collaborative project between<br />
the British Geological Survey and the Admiralty <strong>Research</strong> Establishment.<br />
Both charges were deployed and detonated on the sea bed by RMAS Goosander<br />
at 57°06.98'N 00045.04'Y in water depth 76.125 m. The 4500 lb<br />
(2041.27 kg) TNT charge was detonated at 11h 52m 33.225s GMT and the<br />
900 lb (408.2 kg) TNT charge at 15h 22m 30.591s GMT.<br />
The majority of offshore recording equipment was deployed and retrieved<br />
by RMAS Salmaster. Shock waves from both explosions were recorded by a<br />
variety of instruments, both offshore and onshore.<br />
Vertical arrays of pressure gauges and shot timing equipment recorded<br />
the shock waves in the water near to the shot point, ranges being about<br />
550 m and 230 m respectively for the two shots. Five Pull-up Shallow<br />
Yater Seismometers (PUSSes) were deployed at ranges from about 10 to<br />
85 km. Each PUSS contained one three-component geophone and one<br />
hydrophone and operated independently of any ship but was restricted to<br />
recording within nine pre-set time windows, each of 10 minutes duration.<br />
At 60 km range three instrument packages were deployed and connected by<br />
cable to RMAS Salmaster: two vertical strings of hydrophones, sensitive<br />
to higher and lower frequencies respectively and the BGS sea-bed package<br />
containing a three component accelerometer and one hydrophone. Four<br />
onshore near coastal seismograph stations were installed and recorded at<br />
"soft" sites to investigate sediment to hard rock propagation effects of<br />
the seismic waves. Seismic recordings were obtained at land stations in<br />
the UK and Eire, the latter by the Dublin Institute of Advanced Studies<br />
for investigations into the deep crust and lithosphere.<br />
Predicted pressures from a 4500 lb explosion detonated at 5m above the<br />
sea-bed were 818kPa at 0.5km range, 28kPa at 10km (closest planned PUSS<br />
site) and 2kPa at 85km (furthest planned PUSS site). The pressures<br />
observed at 0.55km over a range of depths were 210-660kPa; 8kPa was<br />
observed on the sea-bed at 9.98km and .09kPa at 85.29km.<br />
Seismic local magnitude estimated from onshore seismic stations are<br />
2.9 ML and 2.3 HL for the 4500 lb and 900 lb TNT charge respectively.<br />
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