TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgement Introduction General ...

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Utilizing Different Aquatic Resources for Livelihoods in Asia <strong>Acknowledgement</strong> We gratefully acknowledge the valuable and generous financial and technical support of our partners, advisory committee members, workshop participants and production staff. Partners International Development Research Centre Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Network of Aquaculture Centers in Asia-Pacific International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management Asian Institute of Technology - Aquaculture Outreach Program The Netherlands Embassy - Manila, Philippines German Agro Action Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center International Institute of Rural Reconstruction Advisory Committee Joy Rivaca-Caminade Harvey Demaine Julian F. Gonsalves Matthias Halwart Dilip Kumar S. S. Tabrez Nasar Gary F. Newkirk Rolando Platon Mark Prein Workshop Participants A.K.M. Reshad Alam Warlito C. Antonio S. Ayyappan Ian G. Baird Zubaida U. Basiao Arsenia Cagauan Barry Clough Fernando B. Dalangin Harvey Demaine K. Devadasan Nguyen Huy Dien Christie Fernando Luis Maria B. Garcia Wenresti G. Gallardo John H. Grover Matthias Halwart Nazmul Hassan Khorkiat Koolkaew Contributors Li Kangmin Miao Weimin José Aguilar-Manjarrez Editors Carlos William W. Azucena Bernadette P. Joven Dilip Kumar Felix Marttin M.C. Nandeesha Gary F. Newkirk Julia Lynne Overton Elena Z. Par Jurgenne Primavera Mark Prein R.K.U.D. Pushpa Kumara Tran Van Quynh Mokhlesur Rahman Alejandro E. Santiago P.P.G.S.N. Siriwardena V. V. Sugunan Wilfredo G. Yap Yang Yi Xiaowei Zhou
Siobhan O’Malley Ma. Stella S. Oliver Mayla Hernandez Viray Artists Ariel Lucerna Carlito N. Bibal Jonas Diego Rey Cuevas Ric E. Cantada Rollie N. Nicart Desktop Publishing Staff Celso Amutan Hannah K. Castaneda Ivan Roy Mallari Evangeline C. Montoya Jeffrey T. Oliver Administrative/Logistics Staff Annex Costa Ronnie De Castro Ma. Aida Gaerlan Marlon Manila
Page 1: TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgement I
Page 5 and 6: Kumar, Dr. S. S. Tabrez Nasar, Dr.
Page 7 and 8: Utilizing Different Aquatic Resourc
Page 9 and 10: technologies in the last decade, si
Page 11 and 12: withstand shocks, become less vulne
Page 13 and 14: ponds are excavated in order to use
Page 15 and 16: Many opportunities await the rural
Page 17 and 18: entails more investment for crop se
Page 19 and 20: Aquatic Resources Management for Su
Page 21 and 22: In some parts of Southeast Asia, aq
Page 23 and 24: Processes that enhance poor peoples
Page 25 and 26: aquatic resources management for po
Page 27 and 28: Social and Cultural Considerations
Page 29 and 30: ● human capital, e.g., trained la
Page 31 and 32: ● Familiarity supports acceptance
Page 33 and 34: ● Role models are important and n
Page 35 and 36: However, these factors are not in t
Page 37 and 38: Education Education plays a major r
Page 39 and 40: Benefits of women’s participation
Page 41 and 42: action plans are developed. Later,
Page 43 and 44: Since mobility of women is sometime
Page 45 and 46: Prepared by: Anwara Begum Shelly, M
Page 47 and 48: Negative impacts on the environment
Page 49 and 50: ● Direct effluent loading due to
Page 51 and 52: If effluent is not very abundant, d
Page 53 and 54:
5. Spread of diseases Assess the g
Page 55 and 56:
Prepared by: P.P.G.S.N. Siriwardena
Page 57 and 58:
Genetic diversity and stock enhance
Page 59 and 60:
Options for the conservation of aqu
Page 61 and 62:
References Basiao, Z.U. and R.W. Do
Page 63 and 64:
● Appropriate extension literatur
Page 65 and 66:
● Research agencies need to parti
Page 67 and 68:
Below are some of the important con
Page 69 and 70:
other native fish species or as foo
Page 71 and 72:
Importance of Fish in Household Nut
Page 73 and 74:
- Iron is necessary for hemoglobin
Page 75 and 76:
Managing the Introduction of Exotic
Page 77 and 78:
snail eating fishes and mosquito fi
Page 79 and 80:
The review panel should be independ
Page 81 and 82:
whose proposals were denied. When p
Page 83 and 84:
Aquatic animal health management in
Page 85 and 86:
Vigorous and actively swimming Norm
Page 87 and 88:
When pH values remain above 9 and b
Page 89 and 90:
water and dip the fry/fingerlings i
Page 91 and 92:
Fish as Biocontrol Agents of Vector
Page 93 and 94:
purpose. In California rice fields,
Page 95 and 96:
Systematic studies on the performan
Page 97 and 98:
Observations from the field on the
Page 99 and 100:
Possible Public Health Hazards Asso
Page 101 and 102:
Antibiotic residues Hazards associa
Page 103 and 104:
Improved Handling and Quality Assur
Page 105 and 106:
Soft shell Shrimp generally molt at
Page 107 and 108:
ensuring a soft and firm texture. L
Page 109:
Quality assurance Aquaculture is an
Page 112 and 113:
Participatory Approaches for Aquati
Page 114 and 115:
adjusted, refined and adapted based
Page 116 and 117:
● Farmers observe populations in
Page 118 and 119:
ecommendation domains. Sustainable
Page 120 and 121:
improvement of aquaculture developm
Page 122 and 123:
Research results obtained from part
Page 124 and 125:
information so that it will reach t
Page 126 and 127:
Increasing secondary adoption rates
Page 128 and 129:
Aquaculture can make a significant
Page 130 and 131:
including television and radio, as
Page 132 and 133:
Conclusion The acceptance of this a
Page 134 and 135:
Participatory Approach to Extension
Page 136 and 137:
● Once the plan is prepared, one
Page 138 and 139:
institutions by involving them in p
Page 140 and 141:
A "Farmer Field School" for Aquacul
Page 142 and 143:
5. Develop strong management tools
Page 144 and 145:
are provided with pits and small di
Page 146 and 147:
There are plenty of examples of the
Page 148 and 149:
The question really is what does it
Page 150 and 151:
Subtle cultural features may help o
Page 152 and 153:
The SFF grew from a development net
Page 154 and 155:
One of these strategies was the pro
Page 156 and 157:
Use of Geographic Information Syste
Page 158 and 159:
Software GIS software provides the
Page 160 and 161:
Evaluating outputs The final step i
Page 162 and 163:
● Availability of technical exper
Page 164 and 165:
Figure 1. Scored cells showing suit
Page 166 and 167:
Utilizing Different Aquatic Resourc
Page 168 and 169:
CPRs form an integral part of the s
Page 170 and 171:
If resource users are not part of t
Page 172 and 173:
Community-based Fisheries Managemen
Page 174 and 175:
Training areas Case Study Under the
Page 176 and 177:
Constraints High lease value The n
Page 178 and 179:
Economic Considerations for Communi
Page 180 and 181:
Infrastructure Initially, the Oxbow
Page 182 and 183:
Several Oxbow Lake community group
Page 184 and 185:
However, the importance of wild cap
Page 186 and 187:
Results from a rapid survey in 14 r
Page 188 and 189:
The poor often do not hold tenure t
Page 190 and 191:
amount of land and water, but has t
Page 192 and 193:
might persist. Moreover, aquacultur
Page 194 and 195:
Folke, C., N. Kautsky, H. Berg, A.
Page 196 and 197:
wetlands. Reservoirs In broad terms
Page 198 and 199:
eing stocked in the peninsular rese
Page 200 and 201:
The open type of floodplain wetland
Page 202 and 203:
Pen culture in floodplain wetlands
Page 204 and 205:
Community Rice-Fish Farming in Bang
Page 206 and 207:
Community fish culture in lowland a
Page 208 and 209:
● Focus learning sessions on the
Page 210 and 211:
contribution from wild fish. ● Av
Page 212 and 213:
Marine Reserves and the Role of Loc
Page 214 and 215:
Legislative and legal support The p
Page 216 and 217:
1. Malalison Island, Culasi, Antiqu
Page 218 and 219:
project. References Agbayani, R.F.,
Page 220 and 221:
Local knowledge (LK) is the knowled
Page 222 and 223:
With the relatively recent but rapi
Page 224 and 225:
of the croaker. Within just a few y
Page 226 and 227:
maintenance of biodiversity. Their
Page 228 and 229:
● Provide opportunities for local
Page 230:
Page 233 and 234:
adequate living to the local popula
Page 235 and 236:
Planting The other key dimension of
Page 237 and 238:
Costs for stocking and keeping fish
Page 239 and 240:
Cases with net return higher than r
Page 241 and 242:
Rice-Based Aquaculture in China Ric
Page 243 and 244:
The species used for ricefish cultu
Page 245 and 246:
Preparation of a rice field for pra
Page 247 and 248:
Enhancing the Performance of Irriga
Page 249 and 250:
experiences show, and fish capture
Page 251 and 252:
References The Challenge: Consultat
Page 253 and 254:
changes due to the construction of
Page 255 and 256:
Flooded field with deep water rice
Page 257 and 258:
Deepwater rice technologies (for co
Page 259 and 260:
Startup loans The initial investmen
Page 261 and 262:
Extension will implement the techno
Page 263 and 264:
level, which can restore or improve
Page 265 and 266:
integral part of their life cycle.
Page 267 and 268:
The Bangladesh government has plans
Page 269 and 270:
Conclusion Most development organiz
Page 271 and 272:
Polyculture Systems: Principles and
Page 273 and 274:
The typical South Asian polyculture
Page 275 and 276:
Management measures Pond preparati
Page 277 and 278:
Promoting Rice-Based Aquaculture in
Page 279 and 280:
fish reduce pests, insects and weed
Page 281 and 282:
Transportation of fingerlings from
Page 283 and 284:
Aquaculture in Stream-Fed Flow-Thro
Page 285 and 286:
Stocking Stocking density 2-3 fish/
Page 287 and 288:
Short-Cycle Aquaculture in Seasonal
Page 289 and 290:
In starting such a venture, it woul
Page 291 and 292:
- Kitchen wastes - Green manure usi
Page 293 and 294:
● Apply lime to the pond at 25 g/
Page 295 and 296:
● When farmers have the capacity
Page 297 and 298:
● For one bigha (0.133 ha) of pon
Page 299 and 300:
Homestead Fish Culture: An Example
Page 301 and 302:
Potential participants who met all
Page 303 and 304:
ising and fry traders are moving in
Page 305 and 306:
Integrating Intensive and Semi-Inte
Page 307 and 308:
Nile tilapia is commonly grown in s
Page 309 and 310:
Yi, Y., C.K. Lin and J.S. Diana. 19
Page 311 and 312:
Although fertilization of ponds wit
Page 313 and 314:
Pond production of Nile tilapia oft
Page 315 and 316:
Conclusion Low-cost fertilization s
Page 317 and 318:
Culture of high-value algae like Sp
Page 319 and 320:
The significance of biological nitr
Page 321 and 322:
Feeds in Small-Scale Aquaculture Ca
Page 323 and 324:
● insects such as silkworm larvae
Page 325 and 326:
e eliminated by adding two to five
Page 327 and 328:
References Diana, J.S., C.K. Lin an
Page 329 and 330:
farmers and rural entrepreneurs to
Page 331 and 332:
6. Shed, made of cheap material suc
Page 333 and 334:
Small-Scale Eel Culture: Its Releva
Page 335 and 336:
3. Ground or spring water could be
Page 337 and 338:
the hatchlings develop into fingerl
Page 339 and 340:
Small-Scale Macrobrachium Culture i
Page 341 and 342:
l Fertilize Gher water with both co
Page 343 and 344:
seed for stocking in May and June.
Page 345 and 346:
Culture of Chinese Mitten-Handed Cr
Page 347 and 348:
esistance of the species. Hence, th
Page 349 and 350:
vegetation of desirable species.
Page 351 and 352:
Aquaculture and Sewage Water Treatm
Page 353 and 354:
Problems related to sewage-fed cult
Page 355 and 356:
Duckweed culture Duckweeds serve as
Page 357 and 358:
Prepared by: S. Ayyapan
Page 359 and 360:
on fish Temperature The aquatic env
Page 361 and 362:
Liming rates Application rates for
Page 363 and 364:
Plankton turbidity as an index of n
Page 365 and 366:
Page 367 and 368:
However, pen fish culture, introduc
Page 369 and 370:
Day-to-day regular feeding is very
Page 371 and 372:
Despite the advantages of pen cultu
Page 373 and 374:
anking military officers to go into
Page 375 and 376:
new administration, the implementat
Page 377 and 378:
Integrated Development of Floodplai
Page 379 and 380:
Augmenting the capture fisheries In
Page 381 and 382:
Freshwater Cage Culture of Chinese
Page 383 and 384:
Culture of food fish in cages ● F
Page 385 and 386:
Mesh size differs according to the
Page 387 and 388:
Science B.V. Prepared by: Zhou Xiao
Page 389 and 390:
Cage design Two main types Placing
Page 391 and 392:
Care of cages Feeding Feed fish wit
Page 393 and 394:
Page 395 and 396:
subsequently abandoned. Mangroves p
Page 397 and 398:
ecause of their large propagules th
Page 399 and 400:
other mangrove management projects
Page 401 and 402:
Primavera, J.H. and R.F. Agbayani.
Page 403 and 404:
The putting up of new aquaculture p
Page 405 and 406:
Some general suggestions on farm la
Page 407 and 408:
Some useful tips on pond preparatio
Page 409 and 410:
Nursery care tips Feed daily, pref
Page 411 and 412:
Viral and bacterial diseases are mo
Page 413 and 414:
Estuarine Aquaculture Systems The e
Page 415 and 416:
Cockles (Anadara spp.) ● Require
Page 417 and 418:
Pen versus cage Rabbitfish ● May
Page 419 and 420:
Utilizing Coastal Wetlands for Smal
Page 421 and 422:
if a species is suitable for cultur
Page 423 and 424:
Need for zoning coastal aquaculture
Page 425 and 426:
Preparation of base maps and layers
Page 427 and 428:
Successful Small-Scale Mudcrab Farm
Page 429 and 430:
The success of mud crab farming dev
Page 431 and 432:
● Mud crabs are suitable for loca
Page 433 and 434:
Management Practices to Improve Ext
Page 435 and 436:
● Dry and wash the pond bottom ag
Page 437 and 438:
Cooked rice/potato 20-30 ● Mash a
Page 439 and 440:
Farmers’ Methods of Oyster and Mu
Page 441 and 442:
Oyster The methods commonly used fo
Page 443 and 444:
Mussel Mussels are cultured by bott
Page 445 and 446:
Maintenance and management Bed degr
Page 447 and 448:
the raft method. Farmers’ methods
Page 449 and 450:
Two types of meat crab culture 1. F
Page 451 and 452:
Cage culture of mud crab makes use
Page 453 and 454:
the crabs escaping from the ponds.
Page 455 and 456:
industry, including competition for
Page 457 and 458:
● Clean sea water is stirred into
Page 459 and 460:
Grading minced fresh fish are avail
Page 461 and 462:
Coastal Aquaculture Options Small s
Page 463 and 464:
Whether one has legal permission fo
Page 465 and 466:
still be good for growing. Generall
Page 467 and 468:
Clams are also able to accumulate t
Page 469 and 470:
or unsuitable water quality. Thus,
Page 471 and 472:
Pack in plastic bags for market. (S
Page 473 and 474:
In Vietnam, fishers are culturing l
Page 475 and 476:
good growth and survival rates. Hea
Page 477 and 478:
Seaweeds Seaweeds have both an expo
Page 479 and 480:
considerable quantity to make the e
Page 481 and 482:
Pen culture of rabbit fish requires
Page 483 and 484:
Australian Institute of Marine Scie
Page 485 and 486:
M.C. Nandeesha Project Coordinator,
Page 487 and 488:
AASE/SERD Asian Institute of Techno
Page 489 and 490:
Page 491 and 492:
Y. C. James Yen Center, Silang Cavi
Page 493:
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