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72 Interventions in Alzheimer’s Disease KCE Reports 111 The most frequently used antipsychotics were Risperdal/risperdon, Haldol/haloperidol, Dominal/prothipendylhydrochloride, Zyprexa/olanzapine, Dipiperon/bipamperon, Buronil/melperonhydrochloride, and Solian/amisulpride. In 52% of the institutionalized patients prescriptions for antidepressants were identified at some time during the treatment period with a ChEI. This is the double of the proportion of 26% found in non-institutionalized patients. When restricted to the year 2006 these proportions are 32% and 18%. The most frequently prescribed antidepressants in patients on ChEIs are Trazolan/trazodonhydrochloride, Sipralexa/escitalopram, Serlain/sertraline, Cipramil/citalopram, Seroxat/paroxetine, Redomex/amitriptyline, Remergon/mirtazapine. In 2006, 27% of non-institutionalized patients on ChEI (vs 45% and 55% of patients already or being institutionalized) did receive prescriptions for antipsychotics or antidepressants. 12% of institutionalized patients and 7% of non-institutionalized patients received prescriptions for a ChEI, an antipsychotic and an antidepressant, often at the same date. The concomitant use of these three types of medication was highest among patients who were institutionalized the same year (overall 24%: 39% in men and 18% in women). Table 20: Concomitant use of antipsychotics and antidepressants in AD patients receiving ChEIs (sample 2006 period). Patients on ChEIs in 2006 by institutionalisation status and concomittant use of neuroleptics and antidepressants in 2006 Institutionalized Not Total before 2006 during 2006 institutionalized Neuroleptic Antidepressant n % n % n % n % no no 191 55,4% 81 44,5% 708 73,0% 980 65,5% no yes 71 20,6% 25 13,7% 106 10,9% 202 13,5% yes no 43 12,5% 32 17,6% 85 8,8% 160 10,7% yes yes 40 11,6% 44 24,2% 71 7,3% 155 10,4% Total 345 100,0% 182 100,0% 970 100,0% 1497 100,0% Our analysis is in agreement with the analysis of the Pharmanet data for 2006 as published by INAMI/RIZIV (http://www.inami.fgov.be/drug/fr/statistics-scientificinformation/pharmanet/pharmaceutical-tables/index.htm). In 2006, 30 941 patients were identified receiving medication from the class N06D (ChEI, memantine, and Ginkgo biloba) with an average use of 300 DDD (defined daily dose) for the one year period. Concomitant antipsychotic use was found in 36% of the patients (21% atypical antipsychotics, 9 % typical antipsychotics, and 6% association of the two types of antipsychotics).
KCE Reports 111 Interventions in Alzheimer’s Disease 73 6.3.7 Patient survival after start of ChEI treatment The patients survival is 88% 1 year, 78% 2 years, 68% 3 years after the start of a ChEI , as illustrated below. The median survival will be about 5 years but could not be estimated accurately. The hazard function is also shown below. The survival analyses were censored for subjects who were alive at the end of the 2002-2006 observation period. Figure 7: Survival function (and 95% CI ) after start of ChEl treatment (in days) Figure 8: The hazard rate of death (by 6 months periods after ChEI start). Figure 6 illustrates a gradual increase in the risk of death over time, with a reversed trend (a slightly higher mortality rate) during the first 6 months period.
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