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The computation of turbulent natural convection flows - Turbulence ...

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Contents<br />

List <strong>of</strong> Tables 6<br />

List <strong>of</strong> Figures 7<br />

Abstract 24<br />

Declaration 27<br />

Copyright 28<br />

Acknowledgements 29<br />

1 Introduction 39<br />

1.1 Buoyant <strong>flows</strong> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39<br />

1.2 Turbulent flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42<br />

1.2.1 Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42<br />

1.2.2 <strong>Turbulence</strong> length scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43<br />

1.2.3 Turbulent buoyancy-driven flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44<br />

1.3 <strong>Turbulence</strong> modelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44<br />

1.4 Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46<br />

1.5 Outline <strong>of</strong> thesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48<br />

2 Literature Review 49<br />

2.1 Experimental Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49<br />

2.2 Numerical Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62<br />

3 <strong>Turbulence</strong> modelling 70<br />

3.1 Introductory Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70<br />

2

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