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infected individual (in the cases of diarrhea). They can also be transmitted through inhalation of nuclei containing Mycobacterium tuberculosis organisms which is generated when a person with pulmonary or laryngeal T.B disease coughs, sneezes or shouts (WHO, 2010). In order to relieve pain and prevent infections, volunteer caregivers physically care for their patients by methods that involve personal hygiene practices such as giving them bed baths; mouth and nail care; washing their hair; turning and lifting them in their beds; taking care of pressure sores, general care of wounds such as, cleaning sores and also cleaning of any vomitus. Physical therapy also includes pain management, administering drugs to the client in order to ensure compliance and maintaining the nutritional status of the patient/clients (Van Acker, 2007). Considering the nature of work that volunteer caregivers have, they are undoubtedly exposed to all the infections stated above. Therefore, infection control practices could help volunteer caregivers to protect themselves and their clients from acquiring infections. 1.2 Problem statement Infection control is a critical element in home-based care for people living with HIV/AIDS (WHO, 2008). Little is to be found on infection control in home-based care literature. Most previous studies on home-based care have focused on burdens of care, perceptions of rewards, quality of care and challenges faced by caregivers. Although studies allude to the fact that caregivers are at risk of infection and have low knowledge of prevention of infection (McInerney & Brysiewicz, 2009), and that there are challenges in accessing water and home- based care kits in most home-based care organisations [HBCOs] (Hillbrunner, 2007), it is not clear how and to what extent infection control practices are carried out in home-based care. Furthermore, little is known about the experiences of volunteer caregivers regarding infection control practices in home-based care. The purpose of this study is to provide insights on infection control practices in HBCOs. The findings could be useful for policy-makers as well as programme planners working in home-based care for developing and designing policies aimed at improving infection control in home-based care across the country. It will also be a useful addition to the body of literature on home-based care. 4
1.3 Purpose of the Study and Research Questions The main objective of this study is to explore the experiences of home-based care coordinators/project managers as well as volunteer caregivers regarding infection control practices in home-based care for PLWHA. The findings of this study could assist policy makers in designing interventions aimed at addressing infection control in home based care organizations for HIV/AIDS patients. The key questions that this research intends to answer are: • What are the perceptions of infection control practices among home-based care coordinators/project managers and volunteer caregivers? • What resources are available for infection control practices? • How do volunteer caregivers practice infection control? • What challenges do volunteer caregivers confront regarding infection control practices and what strategies have been developed to deal with the challenges? 1.4 Structure of the dissertation This dissertation is divided into six chapters. Chapter one: introduces the study. It provides relevant background information, outlines the research problem, states the purpose and objectives of the research, and summarises the significance of the study. Chapter two: reviews relevant literature to this study, presented according to the following themes: prevalence of HIV/AIDS, the impact of HIV/AIDS and the role of home based care in dealing with the HIV/AIDS pandemic. The roles and challenges faced by volunteer caregivers in home based care for people living with HIV/AIDS. The concept of ‘infection control practices’ with reference to its application in home based care setting is also discussed. The theoretical framework used to inform this study, namely Ecological Systems Theory (EST) is then introduced. The initial author of the EST and how the theory has been applied in different fields is discussed. Following this, a working definition of the theory is discussed. It then presents the levels of the theory as applied in the context of infection control practices in home based care organizations providing care to PLWHA in Durban Metropolis. 5
Page 1 and 2: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF INFECTION C
Page 3 and 4: DEDICATION I would like to dedicate
Page 5 and 6: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to thank al
Page 7 and 8: 3.3 Study area ....................
Page 9 and 10: 6.1 Conclusion ....................
Page 11 and 12: CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION OF THE STU
Page 13: HBC can be said to be important to
Page 17 and 18: 2.1 Introduction CHAPTER TWO LITERA
Page 19 and 20: (Young and Busgeeth, 2010). For exa
Page 21 and 22: 2.5 The role of volunteer caregiver
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Page 25 and 26: 2.7 Challenges confronted by volunt
Page 27 and 28: perform their duties due to that fa
Page 29 and 30: Roberts, Campbell, service & Adalla
Page 31 and 32: The training that is offered to vol
Page 33 and 34: 2.9 Theoretical Framework This stud
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Page 41 and 42: expressed by the research participa
Page 43 and 44: data in greater detail by remaining
Page 45 and 46: other group members to remember det
Page 47 and 48: transcribed transcripts of the inte
Page 49 and 50: 3.8.3 Trustworthiness of the study
Page 51 and 52: 4.1 Introduction CHAPTER FOUR PRESE
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Page 55 and 56: edridden patient, how to maintain a
Page 57 and 58: 4.5.1 Practicing hand hygiene All v
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Page 63 and 64: they wore gloves or masks. In some
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“… It is difficult to care for
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that also caused breeding of flies
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patients could be affected because
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practices and it was responsible fo
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eplenishment was a challenge. On th
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hygiene. However, to deal with this
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on the government, NGOs, donors/fun
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Due to insufficient water supply, v
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funders and donors); exo (for HBCOs
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faith based organisations and commu
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REFERENCES Akintola, O. (2004). A G
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Denzin, N.K. & Lincoln, Y.S. (Ed) (
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diarrheal among persons with HIV in
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Ross, M.W., Greenfield, S.A., & Ben
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USAID (2001). A noted Bibliography
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APPENDIX 1A: INFORMED CONSENT FORM
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APPENDIX 1B: DEMOGRAPHIC QUESTIONNA
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ISIZULU INTERVIEW GUIDE FOR HBCCS/P
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THE ZULU VERSION OF THE FOCUS GROUP
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