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community work” these include wearing gloves, washing their hands with soap and being clean. The macro-system This describes the nation and its culture in which individuals live. This includes developing and industrialized countries, socioeconomic status, poverty and ethnicity (Woodside et al., 2006). The macro-system level in this study can be used to explain the ideology of the nation where the volunteer caregiver and home-based care organizations fall. This involves availability or absence of departmental infection control policies or guidelines provided in organizations, for example, sanitation control methods defined by the Department of Health; National policies on infection control practices in home-based care organizations and also global policies. WHO (2002) in its Framework Action for community home-based care in resource limited setting for people with HIV/AIDS document provides guidelines to policy makers, administrators, managers and all those who run and develop community home-based care programs for establishing and maintaining community home-based care in governments, national and international donor agencies, non-governmental organizations, faith based organizations for people with HIV/AIDS, disabilities and other chronic illnesses. These existing policies may affect infection control practices negatively or positively at national, organizational and departmental levels especially for those countries that fail to adopt these guidelines. The South African government in response to international guidelines on the provision of water to people established a National Sanitation Co-ordinating Office (NASCO) undersigned by the Constitution which guarantees all South Africans the right to have access to health and the right to adequate sanitation. This further lead to the establishment of Provincial Sanitation Task Teams, Multi-Annual Action plan (MAAP) and Sanitation Communication committees in each province which oversees sanitation issues in the country (Phaswana-Mafuya and Shukla, 2005). The government also has a national policy on infection prevention and control that aims at setting minimum national standards for the effective prevention and management of health care associated infections, so that hazards associated with biological agents are minimized for patients, visitors and health care personnel in health care establishments. To achieve this, national, provincial and district 28
infection prevention and control committees have been established under the National Health Act, 2003 to oversee infection control practices at each level (DOH, 2007:6). From the above, it becomes apparent that development can be explained in terms of relationships between people and their different environments. Ecological systems theory may be used to show and explain how home-based care working environments can either affect infection control practices positively or negatively. It can also be used to understand where and what prevents the proper functioning of organizations and also what needs to be improved and how to improve it. 29
Page 1 and 2: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF INFECTION C
Page 3 and 4: DEDICATION I would like to dedicate
Page 5 and 6: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to thank al
Page 7 and 8: 3.3 Study area ....................
Page 9 and 10: 6.1 Conclusion ....................
Page 11 and 12: CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION OF THE STU
Page 13 and 14: HBC can be said to be important to
Page 15 and 16: 1.3 Purpose of the Study and Resear
Page 17 and 18: 2.1 Introduction CHAPTER TWO LITERA
Page 19 and 20: (Young and Busgeeth, 2010). For exa
Page 21 and 22: 2.5 The role of volunteer caregiver
Page 23 and 24: In HBC, infections are a major caus
Page 25 and 26: 2.7 Challenges confronted by volunt
Page 27 and 28: perform their duties due to that fa
Page 29 and 30: Roberts, Campbell, service & Adalla
Page 31 and 32: The training that is offered to vol
Page 33 and 34: 2.9 Theoretical Framework This stud
Page 35 and 36: Figure 2.2 Ecological systems theor
Page 37: giving and infection control practi
Page 41 and 42: expressed by the research participa
Page 43 and 44: data in greater detail by remaining
Page 45 and 46: other group members to remember det
Page 47 and 48: transcribed transcripts of the inte
Page 49 and 50: 3.8.3 Trustworthiness of the study
Page 51 and 52: 4.1 Introduction CHAPTER FOUR PRESE
Page 53 and 54: 4.3 Perceptions of infection contro
Page 55 and 56: edridden patient, how to maintain a
Page 57 and 58: 4.5.1 Practicing hand hygiene All v
Page 59 and 60: In order to prevent dogs and childr
Page 61 and 62: “Sometimes I ask for gloves from
Page 63 and 64: they wore gloves or masks. In some
Page 65 and 66: “… It is difficult to care for
Page 67 and 68: that also caused breeding of flies
Page 69 and 70: patients could be affected because
Page 71 and 72: practices and it was responsible fo
Page 73 and 74: eplenishment was a challenge. On th
Page 75 and 76: hygiene. However, to deal with this
Page 77 and 78: on the government, NGOs, donors/fun
Page 79 and 80: Due to insufficient water supply, v
Page 81 and 82: funders and donors); exo (for HBCOs
Page 83 and 84: faith based organisations and commu
Page 85 and 86: REFERENCES Akintola, O. (2004). A G
Page 87 and 88: Denzin, N.K. & Lincoln, Y.S. (Ed) (
Page 89 and 90:
diarrheal among persons with HIV in
Page 91 and 92:
Ross, M.W., Greenfield, S.A., & Ben
Page 93 and 94:
USAID (2001). A noted Bibliography
Page 95 and 96:
APPENDIX 1A: INFORMED CONSENT FORM
Page 97 and 98:
APPENDIX 1B: DEMOGRAPHIC QUESTIONNA
Page 99 and 100:
ISIZULU INTERVIEW GUIDE FOR HBCCS/P
Page 101:
THE ZULU VERSION OF THE FOCUS GROUP
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