Gender Equality National Report Hungary - European-microfinance ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

(2007). According to the Szerb study (2007) 52% of women started their businesses to act on good opportunities in the years after 2000, while 17% started their businesses purely out of necessity. Compared to men, a greater proportion (23%) of women were motivated both by necessity and opportunity. In another survey 50% of those asked (in the same proportion) started an enterprise because they were concerned by their employment security or hoped for a higher income, 32% were motivated by greater independence, the chance to utilise acquired knowledge, expertise better or more favourable working conditions, only 4% of them hoped that they would be able to better harmonize child-raising with this activity. Motivational factors were naturally affected by the educational level of the entrepreneurs: for instance the desire for independence or professional ambitions motivated lower qualified people less, while lack of job opportunities made (or forced) them to start a business to a greater extent. The opportunity of higher income was a stronger motivation for women with higher education, which may indicate the satisfaction of this group of people with the income level that can be achieved in state administration. In human resources the situation is uneven, for 84% of the people examined had the expertise for the enterprise, on the other hand 40% of those asked had no entrepreneurial knowledge, which would be equally important (if not more important). Only 8% of those who lacked entrepreneurial knowledge participated in a decent, well-rounded program. b.) <strong>Gender</strong> equality in size of entrepreneurial projects Score 1 The study prepared by Szerb (2007) found that male-owned companies were somewhat bigger, with higher sales, but less profitable than those owned by women. The reason for the differences however comes primarily from the different structure of activities and not from gender issues. The tables below show the growth of the 432 enterprises involved in the survey on the basis of sales (on real value) and number of employees broken into the genders. 52
Diagram No. 12: Average annual growth rate of male- and female-owned enterprises in sales categories 2001-2004 35,00 30,00 25,00 20,00 15,00 10,00 5,00 0,00 10,79 16,84 -10 m alatt 8,63 13,68 -1 és- 10m között 15,83 10,18 negatív -1 m ig 28,78 16,49 pozitív +1 m-ig nı férfi 21,05 19,42 9,35 14,04 7,19 7,72 1-10m 10-50m 50m. felett Diagram No. 13: Average annual growth rate of male- and female-owned enterprises in numbers of employees 2001-2004 45,00 40,00 35,00 30,00 25,00 20,00 15,00 10,00 5,00 0,00 2,90 3,45 10,34 7,97 -10 alatt -1 és -10 között 14,49 10,69 -1 alatti negatív 39,86 29,31 25,52 21,74 0 pozitív 1ig nı férfi 10,14 18,62 2,90 2,07 1,1-10 10 felett Examining the factors of sales growth one can see that female-owned companies have a disadvantage when compared to male-owned firms, in terms of innovation, developments and the geographic spread of sales. That disadvantage is counter-balanced at least in part by the greater spreading of the growths of male-owned enterprises. This means that the average differences between companies owned by men and those owned by women are small, at the same time there are more male-owned companies with outstanding growth but also more with negative growth. This is probably due to the higher risk-taking attitude of men. The number of employees seems to prove that female-owned companies are more cautious, 53
Page 3 and 4: Fostering Gender Equality: Meeting
Page 5 and 6: Executive Summary 1 Women represent
Page 7 and 8: From the beginning the LEA Network
Page 9 and 10: 1. Introduction 1.1. Project Backgr
Page 11 and 12: Gender Equality - This term refers
Page 13 and 14: 3. ScoreCard 3.1. ScoreCard Diagram
Page 15 and 16: A private entrepreneur may only hav
Page 17 and 18: For a new enterprise the Hungarian
Page 19 and 20: programs. In most of the cases the
Page 21 and 22: A recent study examined opinions of
Page 23 and 24: Chart No. 3: Circumstances of start
Page 25 and 26: On September 1st, 2007 the amendmen
Page 27 and 28: In 2006 the county employment centr
Page 29 and 30: a) Chart No. 6: Loans to micro-ente
Page 31 and 32: Chart No.7: Years 1992 1993 1994 19
Page 33 and 34: Equal chances schemes at the workpl
Page 35 and 36: Chart No. 8: Economic participation
Page 37 and 38: In 2003 the proportion of women wit
Page 39 and 40: Diagram No. 3: Unemployment rates:
Page 41 and 42: Our lag in part-time employment is
Page 43 and 44: Absence from the labour market due
Page 45 and 46: Providing day care for young childr
Page 47 and 48: women 1 725.70 115.3 1 841.00 42.3
Page 49 and 50: Diagram No. 11: Unemployment rates
Page 51: oles have been over- and rewritten.
Page 55 and 56: men.” 35 The long-term full emplo
Page 57 and 58: In the framework of the 2nd Nationa
Page 59 and 60: The e-NIVO program plans to be main
Page 61 and 62: Diagram No. 15: Willingness to invo
Page 63 and 64: The experimental micro-credit progr
Page 65 and 66: The LEA network has developed its i
Page 67 and 68: 4.2. Recommendations Women’s ente
Page 69 and 70: 5. Sources Global Gender Gap Riport
Page 71: 6. Experts and associates who helpe

Gender Equality National Report Hungary - European-microfinance ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?