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Abstract I Abstract Computer Simulation is an important area of Computer Science that is used in many other research areas like for instance engineering, military, biology and climate research. But the growing demand for more and more complex simulations can lead to long runtimes even on modern computer systems. Performing complex Computer Simulations in parallel, distributed across several processors or computing nodes within a network has proven to reduce the runtime of such complex simulations. Large-scale parallel computer systems are usually very expensive. Grid Computing is a cost-effective way to perform resource intensive computing tasks because it allows several organisations to share their computing resources. Besides more traditional Computing Grids the concept of Ad Hoc Grids has emerged that offers a dynamic and transient resource-sharing infrastructure, suitable for short-term collaborations and with a very small administrative overhead to allow even small organisations or individual users to form Computing Grids. A Grid framework that fulfils the requirements of Ad Hoc Grids is ProActive. This paper analyses the possibilities of performing parallel transaction-oriented simulations with a special focus on the space-parallel approach and discrete event simulation synchronisation algorithms that are suitable for transaction-oriented simulation and the target environment of Ad Hoc Grids. To demonstrate the findings a Java-based parallel transaction-oriented simulator is implemented on the basis of the promising Shock Resistant Time Warp synchronisation algorithm and using the Grid framework ProActive. The validation of this parallel simulator shows that the Shock Resistant Time Warp algorithm can successfully reduce the number of rolled back Transaction moves but it also reveals circumstances in which the Shock Resistant Time Warp algorithm can be outperformed by the normal Time Warp algorithm. The conclusion of this paper suggests possible improvements to the Shock Resistant Time Warp algorithm to avoid such problems.
Table of Content II Table of Content 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 1 2 FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS ............................................................................ 4 2.1 GRID COMPUTING.............................................................................................. 4 2.1.1 Ad Hoc Grids............................................................................................ 5 2.2 GRANULARITY AND HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE............................................... 6 2.3 SIMULATION TYPES ........................................................................................... 7 2.3.1 Transaction-Oriented Simulation and GPSS............................................ 8 2.4 PARALLELISATION OF DISCRETE EVENT SIMULATION........................................ 9 2.5 SYNCHRONISATION ALGORITHMS .................................................................... 10 2.5.1 Conservative Algorithms .........................................................................11 2.5.2 Optimistic Algorithms..............................................................................11 3 AD HOC GRID ASPECTS.................................................................................. 16 3.1 CONSIDERATIONS............................................................................................. 16 3.1.1 Service Deployment ................................................................................ 16 3.1.2 Service Migration ................................................................................... 17 3.1.3 Fault Tolerance....................................................................................... 17 3.1.4 Resource Discovery ................................................................................ 17 3.2 PROACTIVE ..................................................................................................... 18 3.2.1 Descriptor-Based Deployment ............................................................... 19 3.2.2 Peer-to-Peer Infrastructure .................................................................... 19 3.2.3 Active Object Migration ......................................................................... 20 3.2.4 Transparent Fault Tolerance .................................................................. 20 4 PARALLEL TRANSACTION-ORIENTED SIMULATION........................... 21 4.1 PAST RESEARCH WORK..................................................................................... 21 4.1.1 Transactions as events............................................................................ 22 4.1.2 Accessing objects in other LPs ............................................................... 22 4.1.3 Analysis of GPSS language .................................................................... 24 4.2 SYNCHRONISATION ALGORITHM ...................................................................... 26 4.2.1 Requirements .......................................................................................... 26
Page 1: TRANSACTION-ORIENTED SIMULATION IN
Page 5 and 6: IV Table of Content 6 VALIDATION OF
Page 7 and 8: Figures VI Figures Figure 1: Ad Hoc
Page 9 and 10: Tables VIII Tables Table 1: Change
Page 11 and 12: 2 Introduction synchronisation algo
Page 13 and 14: 2 Fundamental Concepts Fundamental
Page 15 and 16: Figure 1: Ad Hoc Grid architecture
Page 17 and 18: 8 Fundamental Concepts In continuou
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Page 21 and 22: 12 Fundamental Concepts known as st
Page 23 and 24: 14 Fundamental Concepts event execu
Page 25 and 26: 3 Ad Hoc Grid Aspects 16 Ad Hoc Gri
Page 27 and 28: 18 Ad Hoc Grid Aspects resources an
Page 29 and 30: 20 Ad Hoc Grid Aspects means that a
Page 31 and 32: Parallel Transaction-oriented Simul
Page 33 and 34: 24 Parallel Transaction-oriented Si
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44 Implementation large numerical p
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46 Implementation A detailed descri
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48 Implementation But in a parallel
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50 Implementation GPSS test models
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Simulation Controller side 52 Imple
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54 Implementation technique describ
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Implementation Euclidean distance b
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58 Implementation chain at the corr
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60 Implementation The algorithm wil
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No Start Is Active Object body acti
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5.3.2 GVT Calculation and End of Si
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66 Implementation provisional simul
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Implementation relatively basic per
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70 Implementation log4j.logger.para
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proactive-log4j 72 Implementation T
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74 Implementation Memory Allocation
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76 Validation of the Parallel Simul
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6.4 Validation 4 84 Validation of t
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… LpccEnabled=true LpccClusterNum
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Validation 5.2 Validation of the Pa
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7 Conclusions 96 Conclusions Even s
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References 98 References [1] Amin K
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[19] Krafft G. Parallelisation of T
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Appendix A: Detailed GPSS Syntax 10
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Reserved word: DEPART Syntax: [] DE
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Reserved word: SEIZE Syntax: [] SEI
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Setting: LpccClusterNumber Default
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Appendix C: Simulator log4j loggers
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Logger: parallelJavaGpssSimulator.l
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114 Appendix D: Structure of the at
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Appendix E: Documentation of select
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!"#"$$%$&"'"(!))*+,-$"./#0$! 1$"))
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!/+/.7/8$ Appendix E: Documentation
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Returns: Appendix E: Documentation
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!"#$%&''$()*)")$ +',)$-)$. #,/. !"#
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!"#$%&'()#%*+,"-*.# Appendix E: Doc
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Constructor Detail !"#$%&'$(#$)*$%+
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Validation 1.1, output of simulate:
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Validation 2, output of LP: Appendi
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Appendix F: Validation output logs
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Validation 2, output of simulate: A
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Validation 3.1, output of LP1: Appe
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Validation 4, output of LP1: Append
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simulation for time 2000) (628) 20:
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Validation 4, output of simulate: A
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(135) 19:37:56,477 Total transactio
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(68) 19:37:56,619 by the transactio
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(1295) 14:25:22,740 Simulation stop
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(68) 14:25:22,888 by the transactio
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Validation 6.2, output of LP2: (1)
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(32) (1,2) 0 765 Block: TRANSFER 0.
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