E-READINESS QUESTIONNAIRE FOR NORTH ... - Kunnat.net
E-READINESS QUESTIONNAIRE FOR NORTH ... - Kunnat.net
E-READINESS QUESTIONNAIRE FOR NORTH ... - Kunnat.net
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portant stakeholders as depicted in fi gure 2 below are: Political Leaders, Government<br />
Departments/Agencies; Legislative Bodies, Private Sector, International Organisations<br />
and NGOs.<br />
Figure 2: Stakeholders of E-Government<br />
Source: E-Government Toolkit for Developing Countries.<br />
2.6 Front Offi ce Versus Back Offi ce<br />
Front-offi ce refers to the government as its constituents see it, meaning the information<br />
and service providers, and the interaction between government and both citizens<br />
and businesses. Front-offi ce implementation of E-Government involves two issues:<br />
1) on-line services<br />
2) citizen engagement 23<br />
Successful E-Government programs give considerable attention to back offi ce support.<br />
Back offi ce refers both to the behind-the-scenes technology needed to maintain<br />
electronic services and to the workfl ow processes used to deliver a service or otherwise<br />
achieve a particular objective.<br />
At the initial stages of E-Government, there may be a tendency for government<br />
agencies to quickly create web sites and other applications that face outwards towards<br />
the citizen without addressing the questions of how data will be processed by the bureaucracy<br />
behind the scenes. Too often, multiple agencies and departments or units<br />
within ministries create their own web sites and adopt their own software, without<br />
regard to interoperability. Resources are wasted reinventing service delivery systems.<br />
2.7 E-Government Interaction Models<br />
E-Government is an evolutionary, multi-faceted process and can be viewed as consisting<br />
of a set of phases. Although E-Government is complex and involves a large number<br />
of entities and processes, there are primarily four types of interaction which form the<br />
foundation of E-Government deployment.<br />
23 Electronic Government Front Offi ce, UNeGov.<strong>net</strong>-School-Concepts-56, http://ocw.unu.edu/international-institute-for-software-technology/introduction-to-electronic-government/introduction4.pdf<br />
Strenghtening e-Governance in the North-South Local Government Co-operation Programme 19
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