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28 The next chapter provides an environmental scan of the ICT landscape of the Southern countries followed by profi ling of the municipalities in the context of their ereadiness. The goal is to depict a wider picture of the national context and the specifi c situation of the respective municipalities by collecting data relevant to key factors affecting the adoption of E-Government (literacy, governance and telecommunication infrastructure). Through this study we can be able to know what next steps to take as regards strenghtening of E-Government applications and solutions into the North- South Local Government Co-operation Programme of the AFLRA.
THE SOUTHERN COUNTRIES AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS 3 Ghana The six Southern Countries profi led in this section are Ghana, Tanzania, Kenya, South Africa, Namibia and Swaziland. In those countries there were local government cooperation coordinated by North-South Local Government Co-operation Programme in 2010. First, a brief history of the country and its system of government is given. Next, the country’s geographical and other democratic information are given. This is followed by a brief description of the economy. The ICT landscape is described in the context of developments in the sector with regards to such issues as the national ICT policy, extent of market liberalization and deregulation, the ICT infrastructure and the diffusion of ICT tools such as mobile phones, broadcast media, personal computers and the inter<strong>net</strong>. 3.1 Background and Government The Republic of Ghana is located in Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Cote d’Ivoire and Togo. Formed from the merger of the British colony of the Gold Coast and the Togoland trust territory, Ghana in 1957 became the fi rst sub-Saharan country in colonial Africa to gain its independence. Currently, Ghana practices constitutional democracy which has become a model for other African countries. Before then, the country endured a long series of coups before Flt.Lt. Jerry Rawlings took power in 1981 and banned political parties. After approving a new constitution and restoring multiparty politics in 1992, Rawlings won presidential elections in 1992 and 1996, but was constitutionally prevented from running for a third term in 2000. John Kufuor succeeded him and was reelected in 2004. John Atta Mills took over as head of state in early 2009 30 . The Republic of Ghana is divided into ten administrative units comprising 10 regions: Ashanti, Brong-Ahafo, Central, Eastern, Greater Accra, Northern, Upper East, Upper West, Volta, and Western. Each of the regions is headed by a Regional Minister appointed by the President 31 . The local government units in Ghana are called District assemblies. There are 138 district administrative set ups and assemblies. The districts are administered by assemblies of directly elected and appointed members. District Chief Executives (DCE’s) who head the assemblies are appointed by the incumbent President and approved by the District Assembly. Local government in Ghana has traditionally been subject to the central government because responsibilities between the two were not well-defi ned. The Local Government Law of 1988 and the Local 30 http://www.indesmundi_com/ghana/background.html 31 http://www.indexmundi.com/ghana/administrative_divisions.html Strenghtening e-Governance in the North-South Local Government Co-operation Programme 29
Page 1 and 2: North-South Local Government Co-ope
Page 3: North-South Local Government Co-ope
Page 6 and 7: 6 4.6 Other ICT Statistics ________
Page 8 and 9: 8 knowledge is utilised, policy is
Page 10 and 11: 10 ICT4AD Information and Communica
Page 12 and 13: 1.1 Motivation for the Study 12 Mun
Page 14 and 15: 1.4 Limitations 14 community’s ma
Page 16 and 17: 16 public administration and govern
Page 18 and 19: 18 Figure 1: The Big Picture of e-G
Page 20 and 21: 20 G2G: Government to Government in
Page 22 and 23: 22 centers, mobile devices, it beco
Page 24 and 25: 2.10 E-Inclusion 24 range of online
Page 26 and 27: 26 It is important to note, however
Page 30 and 31: 30 Government Act of 1993 further e
Page 32 and 33: 32 in education. The syllabus from
Page 34 and 35: 34 Table 7: Personal computers per
Page 36 and 37: 4 Tanzania 4.1 Background and Gover
Page 38 and 39: 38 Even so, there was no single age
Page 40 and 41: 40 Table 11: Cellular subscribers f
Page 42 and 43: 42 local government structure estab
Page 44 and 45: 5 Kenya 5.1 Background and Governme
Page 46 and 47: 46 Act, which set up the Communicat
Page 48 and 49: 48 Table 19: Number of Internet Hos
Page 50 and 51: 50 Table 25: Number of Personal com
Page 52 and 53: 52 is very high. The availability o
Page 54 and 55: 54 � � � 6.3 Economy 0-14 yea
Page 56 and 57: 56 up as a strategic government ini
Page 58 and 59: 58 Table 33: Cellular subscribers p
Page 60 and 61: 6.6 The Local Government of Tshwane
Page 62 and 63: 7 Namibia 7.1 Background and Govern
Page 64 and 65: 7.5 Namibia Telecommunications Prof
Page 66 and 67: 66 Table 43: Number of Internet use
Page 68 and 69: 68 More than 75% of the local gover
Page 70 and 71: 70 � � � 8.3 Economy 8.4 ICT
Page 72 and 73: 8.5 Other ICT Statistics 72 Table 4
Page 74 and 75: 74 Table 53: Number of Personal Com
Page 76 and 77: 9 Summary Conclusions and Recommend
Page 78 and 79:
References 78 Belize National ICT P
Page 80 and 81:
80 http://www.iclei.org/index.php?i
Page 82 and 83:
82 Please�indicate�how�much
Page 84 and 85:
� � � � 84 15. What�e�G
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