Press Freedom and Globalisation - International Press Institute
Press Freedom and Globalisation - International Press Institute
Press Freedom and Globalisation - International Press Institute
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<strong>Press</strong> <strong>Freedom</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Globalisation</strong><br />
to spread already established business geographically. 43 Even if the geographical direction<br />
is the globalisation issue, these kinds of growths support each other. 44 The advertisement<br />
industry’s need of global markets have also supported globalisation of mass media. Other<br />
forces behind globalisation of media have been migration, propag<strong>and</strong>a for political<br />
ideology, new technology <strong>and</strong> a more connected world in any ways.<br />
<strong>Press</strong> <strong>Freedom</strong> <strong>and</strong> Spread of Democracy<br />
<strong>Globalisation</strong> spreads democracy as the st<strong>and</strong>ard of good governance. Democracy is<br />
associated with free press which is considered as a cornerstone of democratisation. 45<br />
Western democracies are influenced both by the libertarian system of the role of media as<br />
well as a sense of social responsibility <strong>and</strong> the capitalistic system. First, liberal ideals,<br />
which grew together with the development of the democracy in Western countries, ruled<br />
the press. 46 Then, after the Second World War, two trends resulted in the rise of a social<br />
responsibility view within the Western press. On one h<strong>and</strong>, the press was included in the<br />
optimistic democratic wave in the Western world immediately after the Second World<br />
War. The press took a key role in the building of these new democracies, <strong>and</strong> in the<br />
consolidation of existing democracies, 47 <strong>and</strong> at the same time became aware of its own<br />
increasing potential. A growth of sc<strong>and</strong>alous popular newspapers <strong>and</strong> purely entertaining<br />
mass media, such as radio <strong>and</strong> films, had squeezed the established press which became<br />
more concerned about its own role. 48<br />
43 Porter, Michael E., “Competition in Global Industries”, p. 22.<br />
44 Herman <strong>and</strong> McChesney, The Global Media, pp. 40-45 <strong>and</strong> 54.<br />
45 Gunther, Richard <strong>and</strong> Mughan, Anthony, “The Media in Democratic <strong>and</strong> Nondemocratic Regimes: A<br />
Multilevel Perspective” in Gunther, Richard <strong>and</strong> Mughan, Anthony (eds.), Democracy <strong>and</strong> the Media : A<br />
Comparative Perspective (Cambridge: Cambridge University <strong>Press</strong>, 2000), pp. 5 <strong>and</strong> 9.<br />
46 Altschull, From Milton to McLuhan, pp. 167-172.<br />
47 Righter, Rosemary, IPI: The Undivided Word : A History of The <strong>International</strong> <strong>Press</strong> <strong>Institute</strong> : Part I:<br />
1951-1976 (London/Zurich: The <strong>International</strong> <strong>Press</strong> <strong>Institute</strong>, 1988 [1976]), pp. 10-11 <strong>and</strong> 21.<br />
48 Altschull, From Milton to McLuhan, pp. 271-282.<br />
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