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Table of Contents Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 3 Area Summary of Major Disturbance Agents...................................................................... 4-6 Southern Interior Overview.................................................................................................................... 7 Mountain Pine Beetle.......................................................................................................... 7 Douglas-fir Beetle................................................................................................................ 9 Spruce Beetle....................................................................................................................... 9 Western Balsam Bark Beetle............................................................................................... 10 Western Spruce Budworm................................................................................................... 10 Douglas-fir Tussock Moth................................................................................................... 12 Western Hemlock Looper.................................................................................................... 13 Two-Year Cycle Budworm.................................................................................................. 13 Pine Needle Sheath Miner................................................................................................... 13 Western False Hemlock Looper........................................................................................... 13 Aspen Serpentine Leaf Miner.............................................................................................. 14 Forest Tent Caterpillar......................................................................................................... 14 Larch Needle Blight............................................................................................................ 14 Birch Leaf Miner................................................................................................................. 15 Satin Moth........................................................................................................................... 15 Dothistroma Needle Blight.................................................................................................. 15 Aspen Decline..................................................................................................................... 15 Gypsy Moth......................................................................................................................... 15 Windthrow........................................................................................................................... 15 Wildfire................................................................................................................................ 16 Bear Damage....................................................................................................................... 16 Wildfire................................................................................................................................ 16 Other.................................................................................................................................... 16 District Summaries......................................................................................................................... 17 Kamloops TSA................................................................................................................... 17 Merritt TSA......................................................................................................................... 20 Lillooet TSA........................................................................................................................ 22 Okanagan TSA.................................................................................................................... 24 Arrow TSA.......................................................................................................................... 28 Boundary TSA.................................................................................................................... 29 Kootenay Lake TSA............................................................................................................ 30 Cranbrook TSA................................................................................................................... 31 Invermere TSA.................................................................................................................... 32 Golden TSA......................................................................................................................... 33 Revelstoke TSA................................................................................................................... 34 Quesnel TSA........................................................................................................................ 35 Williams Lake TSA.............................................................................................................. 36 100 Mile House TSA........................................................................................................... 38 Forest Health Special Projects....................................................................................................... 40 2012 Western Spruce Budworm Program Summary............................................................ 40 2012 Western Hemlock Looper Spray Program Summary................................................... 56 Western Hemlock Looper Monitoring.................................................................................. 58 Evaluation of Foray 48B for Control of Two-Year Cycle Budworm.................................... 64 Douglas-fir Tussock Moth Population Monitoring................................................................ 66 Impacts of Western Balsam Bark Beetle and Two-Year Cycle Budworm............................. 70 Unusual Larch Growth in Arrow TSA................................................................................... 74 Bear Impacts on Growth of Lodgepole Pine.......................................................................... 75 Armillaria Root Disease: Tree Rings Reveal Yearly Mortality.............................................. 76 Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations, Kamloops, B.C. 2
In t r o d u c t I o n This report summarizes the results of the 2012 Aerial Overview Surveys and special Forest Health projects conducted in the southern interior of British Columbia. The aerial overview survey is performed annually by the B.C. Forest Service, Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations (MFLNRO) and documents forest damage due to bark beetles, defoliators, and any other visible forest health factors, such as foliar diseases and abiotic damage. Surveys were carried out using the standardized Provincial Aerial Overview Survey protocols (http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hfp/health/overview/methods.htm). Table 1 describes severity ratings used in the surveys. The 2012 surveys were completed between July 18 th and August 20 th , 2012. A total of 292.5 hours of fixed-wing aircraft flying in 60 separate flights were required to complete the surveys, which covered the entire landbase of the Cariboo, Thompson Okanagan, and Kootenay Boundary Natural Resource Regions. This landbase totals over 25 million hectares, of which over 15 million hectares are forested land. Flying conditions were generally good, although some difficulties were caused by poor weather and haze from wildfires. Conifer defoliating insects were the most commonly mapped damage, totaling 528,250 hectares. Bark beetles affected 371,000 hectares, and were the most prevalent tree mortality factor. Other major damage types recorded in 2012 were insect defoliators of deciduous trees (102,700 hectares) and conifer needle diseases (31,930 hectares). An assortment of other disturbances, such as root disease, animal damage, declines, and abiotic agents such as wildfire and windthrow, caused damage on another 18,750 hectares (Table 2). Table 1. Severity ratings used in the aerial overview surveys. Two main types of severity ratings are used. Bark beetles and other direct mortality-causing agents are rated based on the percentage of recently killed trees in the stand. Defoliators (both insect and disease) are rated based on the severity of foliage loss. Disturbance Type Severity Class Description Tree Mortality Trace < 1% of trees in the polygon recently killed (including bark beetles, Light 1-10% of trees in the polygon recently killed abiotic factors, Moderate 11-29% of trees in the polygon recently killed and animal damage) Severe 30-49% of trees in the polygon recently killed Very Severe 50% + of trees in the polygon recently killed Defoliation* Light some branch tip and upper crown defoliation, (including defoliating insect barely visible from the air and foliar disease damage) Moderate thin foliage, top third of many trees severely defoliated, some completely stripped Severe bare branch tips and completely defoliated tops, most trees sustaining >50% total defoliation Decline Syndromes* Light decline with no mortality - the first detectable stage, characterized by thin crowns and no individuals without visible foliage. Moderate decline with light to moderate mortality - thin crowns are accompanied by individuals devoid of foliage. Greater than an estimated 50% of individuals have some foliage. Severe decline with heavy mortality - crowns are very thin and greater than 50% of standing stems are devoid of foliage. * Serpentine leaf miner defoliation is rated according to the percentage of trees in the stand that are affected, based on tree mortality classes. ** Decline syndrome severity ratings developed from USDA Sudden Aspen Decline rating criteria. Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations, Kamloops, B.C. 3
Page 1: 2012 Overview of Forest Health Cond
Page 5 and 6: Table 2 continued. Area summaries f
Page 7 and 8: So u t h e r n In t e r I o r ov e
Page 9 and 10: Attack in young lodgepole pine stan
Page 11 and 12: A total of 116,012 hectares of high
Page 13 and 14: we S t e r n he M l o c k lo o P e
Page 15 and 16: BI r c h le a f MI n e r, fe n u s
Page 17 and 18: th o M P S o n ok a n a g a n re g
Page 19 and 20: Aspen decline syndrome became more
Page 21 and 22: Defoliators Western spruce budworm
Page 23 and 24: Defoliators Western spruce budworm
Page 25 and 26: Conifer Defoliators Western spruce
Page 27 and 28: A Douglas-fir Drought-Decline Compl
Page 29 and 30: Bo u n d a rY tSa Bark Beetles Moun
Page 31 and 32: cr a n B r o o k tSa Bark Beetles M
Page 33 and 34: go l d e n tSa Bark Beetles Mountai
Page 35 and 36: ca r I B o o re g I o n Su M M a r
Page 37 and 38: Douglas-fir beetle continued to be
Page 39 and 40: Defoliators As expected, western sp
Page 41 and 42: Thompson Okanagan Region The Thomps
Page 43 and 44: Table 2. List of western spruce bud
Page 45 and 46: Hiller spraying B.t.k. on budworm b
Page 47 and 48: Kootenay Boundary Region A total of
Page 49 and 50: Abbott’s corrected mortality comp
Page 51 and 52: Figure 5. Density and distribution
Page 53 and 54:
2012 Population Monitoring - Result
Page 55 and 56:
Above: Lucy Stad receiving budworm
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One of the cancelled spray areas in
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In the Thompson-Okanagan Region, we
Page 61 and 62:
Figure 9. Average number of western
Page 63 and 64:
There is an ongoing study to calibr
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Larval density ± SEa b Percent mor
Page 67 and 68:
Table 19. Total number of larvae pe
Page 69 and 70:
Table 21. Average number of Douglas
Page 71 and 72:
This stand has records of defoliati
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References Garbutt, R. 1992. Wester
Page 75 and 76:
Be a r IM Pa c t S o n gr o w t h o
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To better understand the progressio
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