History in the new South Africa: an introduction - Det danske ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

initially through anchor projects to kick-start the programmes, and then through better co-ordination between departments geared to providing an integrated suite of services to all citizens, especially those living in poverty. The chapter uses 1996 and 2001 census data to map poverty in all 21 nodes, providing time-series analysis of socio-economic and demographic indicators as well an overall poverty matrix constructed from variables used in the census. Poverty is analysed in space (across all 21 nodes) and across time (in 1996 to 2001). Predictably, though still shocking, rural poverty emerges as considerably worse than poverty in urban areas, and poverty scores for the ISRDP nodes are almost twice as high as those for the URP. These poverty scores are also analysed in provincial and national context, by using the same poverty matrix for all provinces and the country as a whole and comparing results with the ISRDP and URP nodes. Using census data has both positives and negatives, most of which are well known. Our approach is to use a poverty matrix proposed by Statistics South Africa 10 - though, curiously, not applied by the agency to its own census (or other) data – to measure poverty. The census has far greater reliability than any sample survey, particularly in allowing us to focus on specific spatial areas and retain reliability. It also includes the variables later suggested by Statistics South Africa as a poverty measuring tool. But it has all the rigidities of censuses, a limited number of explanatory variables and thus of cross-tabulations, and of course only takes us to 2001. But these are not confounding problems, and the chapter outlines the scale of poverty – using a more broad-based approach than merely unemployment statistics, as frequently done by commentators – as well as government’s successes, failures of current challenges in eradicating poverty in South Africa. 10 Statistics South Africa: Measuring Poverty (Pretoria, 2000). 28
Figure 1: ISRDP nodes (Source: www.dplg.gov.za) Methodology The data in this report have been extracted from Census 1996 and Census 2001. For the ISRDP (district municipalities) and URP (suburbs or townships) nodes, the data relate to the entire population of individuals or households in the respective geographic areas as defined by the two censuses. The construction of a detailed poverty matrix allows us to analyse poverty within and across individual nodes, for all URP and ISRDP nodes (programme level), for provinces and for the country as a whole. Using census data requires an indicator-based method for both nodal and poverty profiling. Our understanding of poverty in South Africa is partly influenced by international indices, such as the Human Development Index produced by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), or the competitiveness index produced by the World Economic Forum. These reports use particular indicators and assess countries in their totality. What these reports often fail to reflect (because they are working at national level) is the deep inequality that South Africa inherited from its past; or the pockets of poverty that mark urban areas and disappear when assessed at aggregate level. This chapter seeks to avoid these problems by working from nodes upwards to programme, provincial and national levels. Data for the urban nodes are specific to the nodal site, with some possible inaccuracies with the 1996 data because of the various demarcation processes that subsequently have occurred. That said, we have been able to isolate the specific nodes for analysis: data for Alexandra, for example, do not include nearby (and far wealthier) Sandton; the same goes for other URP nodes. Most URP 29
Page 1 and 2: At the end of the rainbow? Social i
Page 3 and 4: 1 Just another country? South Afric
Page 5 and 6: 2 Rhetoric and reality in South Afr
Page 7 and 8: …South Africa is a country of two
Page 9 and 10: areas have to be seen against the b
Page 11 and 12: Central to the justification of amn
Page 13: safeguard democracy in the long run
Page 16 and 17: gold price rose over $800 in 1980/1
Page 18 and 19: A ‘basic needs’ policy with wid
Page 20 and 21: or provide public goods and service
Page 22 and 23: foreign portfolio capital back to t
Page 24 and 25: 1 percent of GDP between 1995 and 1
Page 26 and 27: paper has answered the first questi
Page 30 and 31: nodes are fairly specific areas suc
Page 32 and 33: To make sense of the data, just rem
Page 34 and 35: Poverty levels 1996 to 2001 Looking
Page 36 and 37: and Squire argued that “broadenin
Page 38 and 39: see whether a more accelerated drop
Page 40 and 41: Sekhukhune 56.6 54 Down 2.6% Zulula
Page 42 and 43: infrastructure indicators show slow
Page 45: Conclusion The data in Table 6 and
Page 48 and 49: One of the most significant develop
Page 50 and 51: considerable increase in service de
Page 52 and 53: graph is drawn speaks of entire tur
Page 54 and 55: The legacy of GEAR In the new perio
Page 56 and 57: Province Backlog Backlog as % of po
Page 59 and 60: 6 From apartheid to neo-liberalism.
Page 61 and 62: the same year, to repay the $25 bil
Page 63 and 64: 9 percent of the state budget in 19
Page 65 and 66: The Review makes other claims about
Page 67 and 68: experienced a massive decline in re
Page 69 and 70: A government genuinely committed to
Page 71: But what is clear is that the ANC
Page 74 and 75: growth in basic services, especiall
Page 76 and 77: Unemployment and low incomes remain
Page 78 and 79:
90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10%
Page 80 and 81:
• First, mass unemployment and po
Page 82 and 83:
Legislators, senior officials and m
Page 84 and 85:
100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20
Page 86 and 87:
The move to Broad-Based BEE Analysi
Page 88 and 89:
1) The special codes on small enter
Page 91 and 92:
8 The ANC in South Africa’s polit
Page 93 and 94:
electoral system as inclusive as po
Page 95 and 96:
occasions. While this offers conser
Page 97 and 98:
NEC of the ANC during 1994. Reactin
Page 99:
line of cleavage will in large meas
Page 102 and 103:
government re-invented itself as a
Page 104 and 105:
What should be recognised that it i
Page 106 and 107:
COSATU and its affiliates are faili
Page 108 and 109:
in many respects to the approaches
Page 110 and 111:
The changing attitude of the member
Page 113 and 114:
10 The grassroots. The rise of the
Page 115 and 116:
“The SACP accepts the inevitabili
Page 117 and 118:
The APF is both organised in the ol
Page 119 and 120:
The SACP and COSATU, while paying l
Page 121 and 122:
traditional labour has failed to or
Page 123 and 124:
11 Land redistribution in South Afr
Page 125 and 126:
phenomenon, and the best known of t
Page 127 and 128:
despite these provisions, there are
Page 129:
which the property clause has so fa
Page 132 and 133:
the Dorp (town) that eventually fel
Page 134 and 135:
on teachers is relentless. One of m
Page 136 and 137:
In some ways these terrorists are t
Page 138 and 139:
government, is only the most visibl
Page 140 and 141:
I do not want my comments however t
Page 142 and 143:
I rushed back to the Office, and ha
Page 144 and 145:
years later, some improvements coul
Page 146 and 147:
the developing world that were. In
Page 148 and 149:
enable the skills- formation that S
Page 150 and 151:
dropouts in the compulsory phase is
Page 152 and 153:
References M. Altman (2003) The Sta
Page 154 and 155:
Africa, such as the Democratic Part
Page 156 and 157:
spectrum’ stations offer a mix of
Page 158 and 159:
CNBC as well as the locally produce
Page 160 and 161:
lack shareholders before Afrikaans
Page 162 and 163:
state after the 1948 nationalist vi
Page 165 and 166:
15 The language question. The strug
Page 167 and 168:
The post-apartheid years have seen
Page 169 and 170:
Minister Ngubane emphasized that a
Page 171 and 172:
languages. African languages are re
Page 173 and 174:
For those to whom an Africa-centred
Page 175:
Arguably, the continued social and
Page 178 and 179:
35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% HIV p
Page 180 and 181:
The government also vigorously disp
Page 182 and 183:
Deaths 30000 25000 20000 15000 1000
Page 184 and 185:
0.596 in 1995 to 0.635 in 2001 (UND
Page 186 and 187:
Against a backdrop of modest but co
Page 188 and 189:
emotional support and help patients
Page 190 and 191:
training capacity. Management and a
Page 192 and 193:
the epidemic’s demographic impact
Page 194 and 195:
Does this herald a wave of wider ra
Page 196 and 197:
Barnett T & Whiteside A (2000). Gui
Page 198 and 199:
Old Mutual (2003). Old Mutual Healt
Page 200 and 201:
The upward escalation in FDI flows
Page 202 and 203:
least 50,000 Mozambicans. This invo
Page 204 and 205:
Two factors suggest that the teleco
Page 206 and 207:
Zimbabwe’s trade relations and th
Page 208 and 209:
In investment terms, many regard Ir
Page 210 and 211:
If this is achieved, there will be
Page 212 and 213:
three-pronged role as ‘financier
Page 214 and 215:
COSATU, the SA Council of Churches,
Page 216:
Kwesi Kwaa Prah Kwesi Kwaa Prah is
show all

History in the new South Africa: an introduction - Det danske ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?