Final Report Supplement - Joint Fire Science Program

Zotero Report zotero://report/items/520446_XG98FERT-520446_89BHQIMS-520446...
Book - Table of Contents:
1
Acknowledgments
Preface
Prehistoric Extinctions: In the Shadow of Man 1
2
Evolutionary Theory, Conservation, and Human
Environmental Impact
Pre-Columbian Human Impact on California Vertebrates:
28
3 Evidence from Old Bones and Implications for
Wilderness Policy
44
4
Depletion of Prehistoric Pinniped Populations along the
California and Oregon Coasts: Were Humans the Cause?
Post-Columbian Wildlife Irruptions in California:
72
5 Implications for Cultural and Environmental
Understanding
The Role of Prehistoric Peoples in Shaping Ecosystems in
111
6 the Eastern United States: Implications for Restoration
Ecology and Wilderness Management
141
7
Aboriginal Use of Fire: Are There Any "Natural" Plant
Communities?
179
8
Are Ecosystems Structured from the Top-Down or
Bottom-Up? A New Look at an Old Debate
215
9
Afterword: False Gods, Ecological Myths, and Biological
Reality
238
References Cited 263
Contributors 339
Citation:
The following essay is a slight revision of a chapter to be printed in a volume edited by Charles E. Kay and Randy T. Simmons
(eds.) Wilderness and Political Ecology: Aboriginal Land Management–Myths and Reality. Logan, UT: University of Utah Press. 2002.
Gerald W. Williams. 2002. Aboriginal Use of Fire: Are There Any “Natural” Plant Communities? IN Wilderness and Political Ecology:
Aboriginal Influences and the Original State of Nature, Charles E. Kay and Randy T. Simmons (eds.) University of Utah Press.
Adaptation and risk management
Type Journal Article
Author Roger N. Jones
Author Benjamin L. Preston
Abstract Adaptation assessment methods are compatible with the international risk management standard ISO:31000.
Risk management approaches are increasingly being recommended for adaptation assessments at both national
and local levels. Two orientations to assessments can commonly be identified: top-down and bottom-up, and
prescriptive and diagnostic. Combinations of these orientations favor different types of assessments. The choice
of orientation can be related to uncertainties in prediction and taking action, in the type of adaptation and in the
degree of system stress. Adopting multiple viewpoints is to be encouraged, especially in complex situations. The
bulk of current guidance material is consistent with top-down and predictive approaches, thus is most suitable
for risk scoping and identification. A broad range of material from within and beyond the climate change
literature can be used to select methods to be used in assessing and implementing adaptation. The framing of
risk, correct formulation of the questions being investigated and assessment methodology are critical aspects of
the scoping phase. Only when these issues have been addressed should be issue of specific methods and tools be
addressed. The reorientation of adaptation from an assessment focused solely on anthropogenic climate change
to broader issues of vulnerability/resilience, sustainable development and disaster risk, especially through a risk
management framework, can draw from existing policy and management understanding in communities,
professions and agencies, incorporating existing agendas, knowledge, risks, and issues they already face.
Publication Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change
Pages n/a-n/a
Date 2011
32 of 626 9/1/2011 11:40 AM