Final Report Supplement - Joint Fire Science Program

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Zotero Report zotero://report/items/520446_XG98FERT-520446_89BHQIMS-520446... Publication Advances in Space Research Volume 7 Issue 11 Pages 183–194 Date 1987 Journal Abbr Adv. Space Res. DOI 10.1016/0273-1177(87)90311-5 ISSN 0273-1177 URL http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0273117787903115 Date Added Sunday, August 28, 2011 3:05:14 AM Modified Sunday, August 28, 2011 3:11:51 AM Analysis of the patterns of large fires in the boreal forest region of Alaska Type Journal Article Author Eric S. Kasischke Author David Williams Author Donald Barry Abstract Analyses of the patterns of fire in Alaska were carried out using three different data sets, including a large-fire database dating back to 1950. Analyses of annual area burned statistics illustrate the episodic nature of fire in Alaska, with most of the area burning during a limited number of high fire years. Over the past 50 years, high fire years occurred once every 4 years. Seasonal fire statistics indicated that high fire years consist of larger fire events that occur later in the growing season. On a decadal basis, average annual area burned has varied little between the 1960s and 1990s. Using a geographic information system (GIS), the spatial distribution of fires (aggregated by ecoregions) was compared with topographic, vegetation cover, and climate features of Alaska. The use of topographic data allows for a more realistic determination of fire cycle by eliminating areas where fires do not occur due to lack of vegetation above the treeline. Geographic analyses show that growing season temperature, precipitation, lightning strike frequency, elevation, aspect, and the level of forest cover interact in a complex fashion to control fire frequency. Publication International Journal of Wildland Fire Volume 11 Issue 2 Pages 131-144 Date January 2002 Journal Abbr Int. J. Wildland Fire DOI 10.1071/WF02023 ISSN 1448-5516 URL http://www.publish.csiro.au/paper/WF02023 Extra Keywords: fire map; fire history; spatial analysis. Date Added Tuesday, August 30, 2011 2:37:15 PM Modified Tuesday, August 30, 2011 2:39:22 PM Analyzing extreme disturbance events: Fire in Los Padres National Forest Type Journal Article Author Max A. Moritz Abstract Extreme disturbance events may strongly influence the structure and functioning of many ecosystems, particularly those in which large, infrequent events are the defining forces within the region. This paper introduces the extremal fire regime (i.e., the time series of the largest fire per year) and the assumptions implicit in its analysis. I describe the statistics of extremes and demonstrate their application to the fire regime of Los Padres National Forest, California, to compare two regions (i.e., Main and Monterey divisions), to test for a shift in fire regime due to fire suppression, and to examine climatic events as a forcing mechanism for large fires. Despite their similarity and proximity, the Main Division exhibited a much higher frequency of large fires (and 48 of 626 9/1/2011 11:40 AM
Zotero Report zotero://report/items/520446_XG98FERT-520446_89BHQIMS-520446... shorter return time) compared to the Monterey Division. Comparison of time periods 1911–1950 and 1951–1991 indicated that fire suppression had no effect on the distribution of very large fires in the Main Division, although the frequency of fires smaller than ~4000 ha declined. Comparing distributions of an index for severity of Santa Ana conditions (i.e., characterized by hot, dry winds) and extreme fire events in the Main Division indicated a convergence of distributions with increasing event size. The distribution of fire events larger than ~4000 ha appears to be coupled with that of severe Santa Ana conditions, suggesting a strong climatic forcing for extreme fires and a threshold for the transition from small- to large-fire dynamics. Results indicate the usefulness of extremal fire regime analysis for comparisons over space and time and for examining a potential forcing mechanism. This approach can be applied to any disturbance regime in which large events play an important role, providing ecologists and land managers with a useful tool for understanding and predicting dynamics of extreme disturbance events. Publication Ecological Applications Volume 7 Issue 4 Pages 1252–1262 Date November 1997 Journal Abbr Ecol. Appl. DOI 10.1890/1051-0761(1997)007[1252:AEDEFI]2.0.CO;2 ISSN 1051-0761 Short Title Analyzing extreme disturbance events URL http://www.jstor.org/stable/2641212 Extra Keywords: climate; disturbance; extremal fire regime; fire size; landscape ecology; Los Padres National Forest; statistics of extremes. Date Added Tuesday, August 30, 2011 2:35:38 PM Modified Wednesday, August 31, 2011 12:23:42 AM Annual and decadal climate forcing of historical fire regimes in the interior Pacific Northwest, USA Type Journal Article Author Emily K. Heyerdahl Author Linda B. Brubaker Author James K. Agee Abstract Anticipating the consequences of climatic change for fire requires understanding of the causes of variation in historical fire regimes. We assessed the influence of annual and decadal variation in climate on fire regimes of ponderosa pine-dominated forests in eastern Oregon and Washington using existing, annually dated tree-ring reconstructions (1687–1994). In four watersheds, we compared the extent of low-severity fires (total area burned each year) to precipitation and the Southern Oscillation Index, a measure of variation in El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which affects weather in this region. At the annual scale, large fires burned during dry years and El Niño years (low SOI) in all watersheds while small fires burned regardless of variation in these climate parameters. Large fires also burned during relatively wet years and La Niña years (high SOI) in one watershed, indicating that local factors can override regional climate controls in some locations. Climate from previous years did not influence current year's fire extent. The influence of ENSO on fire regimes in this region has not previously been demonstrated at these multicentury, regional scales. At the decadal scale, fire extent varied with precipitation, perhaps in response to variation in such climate features as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. Several decades of low fire extent in the watersheds during the early 1800s was synchronous with a lack of fire at other sites in North and South America, probably in response to a change in the global climate that included a lessening in the frequency and/or intensity of ENSO events. Publication The Holocene Volume 12 Issue 5 Pages 597-604 Date July 2002 Journal Abbr Holocene DOI 10.1191/0959683602hl570rp ISSN 1477-0911 49 of 626 9/1/2011 11:40 AM
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Final Report Supplement - Joint Fire Science Program

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