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doi:10.5598/imafungus.2012.03.02.01 <strong>IMA</strong> <strong>Fungus</strong> · volume 3 · no 2: 103–108 Development of merosporangia in Linderina pennispora (Kickxellales, Kickxellaceae) Mohamed E. Zain 1,2 , Steve T. Moss 3† , and Hussein H. El-Sheikh 2 1 Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; corresponding author e-mail: Mohamed E. Zain, mzain@ksu.edu.sa 2 Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt 3 [ † Deceased 2001] School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, King Henry Building, King Henry 1 Street. Portsmouth PO1 2DY, UK ARTICLE Abstract: The vegetative and sporulating structures of Linderina pennispora are described using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The vegetative hyphae and sporangiophores were regularly septate, possessed a two-layered wall, and coated with rod-shaped, 0.2–0.7 µm long, 0.15–0.25 µm wide ornamentations. The sporangiophore was erect, cylindrical, and narrower (4–8 µm) than the vegetative mycelium (8–12 µm). The mature sporocladium was ovoid to dome-shaped, sessile, non-septate, 18–24 µm diam, possessed a two-layered wall, and coated with rod-shaped ornamentations. Mature pseudophialides were ellipsoid, 2.0–2.5 µm wide, 4–7 µm long, possessed a two-layered wall, and formed in a series of concentric groups radiating from the “apex” of the sporocladium. The pseudophialides had a round, ca. 1.5 µm diam, base with a narrower, 0.7–0.8 µm diam lobed, cylindrical neck structure in the distal region which extended to the pseudophialide neck. The merosporangia were obovate, 3–4 µm wide near the base, and narrowed distally to 2.0–2.5 µm wide, 18–23 µm long, possessed a threelayered wall, with regular surface annulation with interconnecting ridges, but lacked rod-shaped ornamentations. The merosporangia contained a single, obovate, 2.3–2.5 µm diam merosporangiospore, with a ca. 1 µm diam papilla-like base, that possessed a four-layered wall. Detached merosporangia had a single, acicular, unbranched, 3–5 µm long, ca. 0.1 µm diam “appendage” that was attached to the merosporangiospore inner cell wall layer and passed through the septum plug to the pseudophialide. Key words: Kickxellomycotina ontogeny ultrastructure zygomycetes Article info: Submitted: 16 January 2012; Accepted: 11 July 2012; Published: 20 August 2012. INTRODUCTION The order Kickxellales was established by Kreisel (1969) to accommodate the families Kickxellaceae and Dimargaritaceae. Benjamin (1979) suggested the separation of the Dimargaritaceae and the Kickxellaceae at the ordinal level, within the Zygomycetes. He established the order Dimargaritales for the Dimargaritaceae, and retained the order Kickxellales for the family Kickxellaceae (Benjamin 1979). Although the Kickxellales had been classified traditionally within the class Zygomycetes, recently it was segregated from other orders of this class to establish the subphylum Kickxellomycotina with Harpellales, Asellariales, and Dimargaritales (Hibbettt et al. 2007, Kurihara et al. 2008). Kickxellales are phylogenetically closest to the harpellalean genus Orphella (White 2006). Most species of Kickxellaceae are saprobess and are commonly isolated from soil, dung, humus, dead insects, or other organic debris. However, Martensella pectinata and M. corticii are obligate mycoparasites (Kurihuara et al. 2008). The classification of Kickellaceae and its genera has undergone several changes (Moss & Young 1978, Young 1985, Benny 1995, O’Donnell et al. 1998, Hibbett et al. 2007). The family currently contains 12 genera (Kirk et al. 2008, Benny 2012). Young (1974) described a labyrinthiform organelle within the pseudophialides of Kickxella alabastrina, and a similar structure was demonstrated by Benny & Aldrich (1975) within the pseudophialides of Linderina pennispora. They coined the term “abscission vacuole” for that structure, and believed that this was responsible for the detachment of the merosporangia from their pseudophialides. Moss & Young (1978) demonstrated that Kickxellaceae (Zygomycetes) were are closely related to Harpellales and Asellarials (Trichomycetes) on the basis of the septa; they consist of a cross-wall with a central pore occluded by a biumbonate plug, the form of the asexual reproductive apparatus, and the similar wall structure. The labyrinthiform organelle in Kickxellaceae was speculated to be analogous to the trichospore appendage of Harpellales (Moss & Young 1978, Young 1985). This contribution describes the ontogeny of the sporulating structures of Linderina pennispora. © 2012 International Mycological Association You are free to share - to copy, distribute and transmit the work, under the following conditions: Attribution: You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Non-commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No derivative works: You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work, which can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/legalcode. Any of the above conditions can be waived if you get permission from the copyright holder. Nothing in this license impairs or restricts the author’s moral rights. volume 3 · no. 2 103
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