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94 Roland Slqtin GRAPHTS SCRTPTA 5 (1ee3) Trosa, L925, Malme (S); Sorunda, Gr6nso, Malus,1945, Johansson (S); Toro, Herrhamra, Acer, 1955, Hasselrot (S); Greidinge, Tili"a, Ulmus, L960, Hasselrot (S). Uppland: Stockholm, 1856, Thedenius (UPS); Stockholm, Viirmd6n, l,ofbetgl, LW7, Malme (S); Stockholm, Ljuster6, Sirs6, t916, Hiilphers (S); Stockholm, Runmar6, 1935, Lynge (O); Alvkarleby, Marma, Quercus, 1942, Ahlner (S); Uiby, Forsbacka, Sorbus, L945, Hasselrot (S); Djur6, Runmar6, L945, Rydberg (S); Malsta, Umus and Acer platanoides, 1961, Nordin (UPS); Singo, Fraxinus, 196L, Nordin (UPS). Gotland.' Endre, Fraxinus excelsior, 1961,, Nordin (UPS); FArO, Gotska Sand6n, Beckmor, 1961, Tibell (UPS); FirO, Gotska Sand6n, Beckrevskullen, Populus tremula, L964, Tibell (UPS). Giistrikland: Gtivle, Angesb€rg, Fraxinus excelsior, L945, Gelting (C). Hiilsingland: Gnarp, Picea abies, 1951, Persson (S). Norruay. Vestfold: [-arvik, Malmon, 19L9, Lynge (O). Ecologr Ramalina eleganr seems to have a wide ecological range. In northern Europe it has a more or less oceanic and lowland distribution. Most of the specimens grow on old deciduous trees in cemeteries or around manors. In central and southern Europe, the species has been found in humid mountain forests (Motyka 1960, Poelt L969). According to Arroyo (1991 p. 32L) R elegans prefers altitudes betrpeen 650 and 1700 m in Spain. Ramalina elegans is an exclusively epiphytic lichen. It apparently tolerates a wide range of pH values of its substrate. In Sweden, according to the specimen labels, it grows on the bark of Acer platanoid,es, Fraxinus excelsior, Malus sp., Quercus robur, Picea abies, Populus tremula, Sorbus aucupari.a., Tilia sp. and Ulmus sp. In addition, R elegans grows on Salix caprea in some other localities around the Baltic (Sairanen 1981 p. 40). Motyka (1960) mentions Abies sp., Alnus incana, Fagus sylvatica and Salix spp. as substrates for the lichen in central and southern Europe. Arroyo (199L p. 32L) has found R elegans growing on Quercus faginea, Q. ileX Q. rotundrfot o, Q. rubra, Pinus sylvestris and Populus nigra in Spain. Chemistry Thin-layer chromatographic studies were carried out for 23 specimens collected in Sweden and Nonvay. The major components were homosekikaic and sekikaic acids. This agrees well with the results of Sairanen (1981 p. 36) for specimens from Finland, and with the findings of Arroyo & Manrique (1989), Serifra & Manrique (1989) (called Ramalina sp.) and Arroyo et al. (1992) for specimens from Spain. The major components of. Ramalina fastigiata are substances of the evernic acid complex (Krog & James L977, Sairanen 1981 p. 45). Discussion According to Poelt (L969 p. 561) R elegares is a rare species. This fact, together with its resemblance to R fastigiata, are the most probable reasons why this lichen has been overlooked almost everywhere. Among the specimens from Sweden and Nonvay, all but one were determined as R fastigiafa. One was determined R sinensis, which in some cases may resemble R elegans. In the days when Acharius determined his specimen mentioned above, and when Baglietto & Carestia (1880) described their specimen as a variety of R calicaris, almost nothing was known about lichen chemistry. It is therefore somewhat surprising that they all considered the specimens as belonging to R calicaris, rather than to R fastigiata. Acknowledgements I am indebted to Prof. Teuvo Ahti, Helsinki, for reading the manuscript and giving constructive criticism, and to Dr. Irwin M. Brodo, Ottawa, for checking the language. References Arroyo Cabeza, R. l99l: El gdnero Ramalina Ach. en la Pininsula lbdica: quimica,
<strong>GRAPHIS</strong> SCRIPTA s (1ee3) Ramalina elegans 95 quimiotaxonomia, morfologia, anatomia y distibucihn. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Fac. Cienc. Biol., Univ. Complutense de Madrid,369 pp. Madrid. Arroyo Cabeza, R. & Manrique Reol, E. 1989: Estudios quimicos del gdnero Ramalina Ach. en el centro de la Peninsula Ib6rica. An. Iardin Bot. Madrid 46: 307-315. Arroyo Cabeza, R., Serifla Ramirez, E. & Manrique Reol, E. L992: Ramalina elegans (Bagl. et Car.) Stiz., a taxon that has been mistaken for Ramalina calicaris (L.) Fr. and Ramalina fastigiata (Pers.) Ach. in the Iberian Peninsula. The Second International Lichenological Symposium UL 2, Hemmeslov, Bistad, Sweden 30 August - 4 September 1992. Abstracts p. 56. Baglietto, F. & Carestia, A. 1880: Anacrisi dei licheni della Valsesia. Atti Soc. Ciuogamol. Ital.2: 143-356. Krog, H. & James, P.W. 1977 z The genus Ramalina in Fennoscandia and the British Isles. Norw. I. Bot. 24: L5-43. Motyka, J. 1960: De speciebus quibusdam generis Ramalina Ach. europaeis novis et minus cognitis. Fragm. Flor. Geobot. 4: 637 -644. Motyka, J. L962: Flora Polska. Porosty (Lichenes) V:lL 353 pp. Panst. Wyd. Naukowe, Warsaw. Poelt, J. 1969: Bestimmungsschliissel europiiischer Flechten.757 pp. Cramer, Irhre. Rassi, P., Alanetr, A., Kemppainen, E,., Vickholm, M. & V6isdnen, R. 1986: Betiinkande avgivet av kommissionen for skydd av hotade djur och vdxter. III Hotade viixter i Finland. Kommitt€betiinkande 1985: 43. 43I pp. Helsingfors. Sairanen, A. 1981 : Eriiiden epifyyttisten Ramalina- suvttn j iikiilien tunnistamis esta j a levinnei,syydestii Suomessa. Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, Bot. Inst., Univ. Helsinki. 98 pp. Helsinki. Serifla Ramirez,E. & Manrique Reol, E. 1989: Datos quimicos interesantes de algunos liquenes del Moncayo. An. Iardin Bot. Madrid 46: 317 -322.
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Page 3 and 4: The lichen flora in the former ship
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