SOMALI NUTRITION STRATEGY 2011 – 2013 - ReliefWeb

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ANNEX 2 <strong>NUTRITION</strong> SITUATION ANALYSIS 42 CONTENTS 1. Background information 43 2. Current nutrition situation 43 2.1 Acute malnutrition . 43 2.2 Chronic malnutrition. 44 2.3 Trends in malnutrition 2001-2008 44 2.4 Micronutrient malnutrition 45 3. Determinants of malnutrition in Somalia 46 3.1 Food access and availability 46 3.2 Social and care environment . 49 3.3 Access to health services and a healthy environment 51 3.4 Education 52 4. Current Nutrition interventions 52 4.1 Nutrition Cluster approach 52 4.2 Food security and nutrition surveillance 53 4.3 Treatment of severe acute malnutrition 53 4.4 Treatment of moderate acute malnutrition 54 4.5 Prevention of moderate acute malnutrition 54 4.6 Institutional feeding and school feeding 54 4.7 General food distribution 54 4.8 Nutrition activities delivered through the health sector 55 4.9 Other sector activities with nutrition focus 55 4.10 SWOT analysis of current interventions 55
1. Background Information Somalia is populated by a resilient and highly independent people, whose nomadic tradition plays a major role in determining their collective persona. Clan-based Somali culture has evolved to survive in the harsh and arid environment of the Horn of Africa. Since the collapse of central government in 1991 and resulting civil war, there have been many efforts to restore a central government in Somalia without sustained success. In 1991 the North west zone (NWZ) declared the independent state of Somaliland. This independence has not been recognized by most other countries but Somaliland has remained at relative peace and stability since, with governing administration in the capital Hargesia. The North east Zone (NEZ) declared itself as the autonomous region of Puntland in 1998. Although governed by its administration in its capital Garowe, it pledges to participate in any Somali reconciliation and reconstruction process that should occur. In South Central Somalia political conflict and violence continue to prevail, despite attempts to establish and support a central governing entity. 43 The combination of conflict, insecurity, mass displacement, recurrent droughts and flooding and extreme poverty, coupled with very low basic social service coverage, has seriously affected food security and livelihoods and greatly increased vulnerability to disease and malnutrition. The MDG health-related indicators are among the worst in the world. Life expectancy is 45 years. One child in every twelve dies before the age of one year while, one child in seven dies before the age of five. 2. Current Nutrition Situation Today, almost all Somalis are affected by the fragile security environment, large-scale population displacements, food insecurity and lack of basic social and health services, with coping mechanisms stretched to the limit as families struggle to absorb these multiple shocks. The result is alarming rates of acute malnutrition and chronic malnutrition throughout the country with some variations by zone and livelihood system. 2.1 Acute malnutrition According to the most recent analysis from FSNAU, the Post Deyr ‘09/10 seasonal assessment, the national median rate of global acute malnutrition (GAM) was 16% based on WHO Growth Standards, compared to 19% for all 34 nutrition surveys conducted prior to the Post Gu 2009 assessment. The median rate of severe acute malnutrition (WHZ < 3 SD) was 4.2% compared to 4.5% Post Gu 2009. These current rates correspond to 1 in 6 (240,000 1 ) children acutely malnourished (WHZ < 2 SD) of which 1 in 22 (63,000) children are suffering severe acute malnutrition with a 9 fold greater risk of early death than their well nourished counterparts. The FSNAU Post Gu assessment 2009 also estimated a further 84,000 pregnant women to be acutely malnourished, a condition which leads to poor intrauterine growth, low birth weight, stunting and developmental delay and predisposes to another generation of malnourished mothers perpetuating the intergenerational cycle of malnutrition. Within the overall picture there are differences by zone and by livelihood system. Eighty one percent of the acutely malnourished children live in South and Central regions - the areas also affected most by insecurity and restricted humanitarian space. In Somaliland, rates of acute malnutrition are less critical but population density is high, meaning that in a relatively high proportion of total number of acutely malnourished children live there. This has important implications for the geographical coverage of interventions. 1 Caseload figures based on population figures from the UNDP 2005 settlement survey are used as the standard reference for Somalia
Page 1 and 2: SOMALI NUTRITION STRATEGY 2011 - 20
Page 3 and 4: Foreword Good nutrition is one of t
Page 6 and 7: vi Preface This Somali Nutrition St
Page 8 and 9: viii Dr. Ahmed Mohamed Jama MoH/L T
Page 10 and 11: x Table of Contents Foreword iii Pr
Page 12 and 13: 2 between sectors. While the main e
Page 14 and 15: 4 Preliminary results of the meta-a
Page 16 and 17: 6 Furthermore WFP is providing food
Page 18 and 19: 22. JUSTIFICATION, SCOPE & GUIDING
Page 20 and 21: 3 GOAL, OUTCOMES & OUTPUTS The goal
Page 22 and 23: 12 Outcome 6: Improved capacity and
Page 24 and 25: 14 4.2 Partnerships Implementation
Page 26 and 27: 16 In Somaliland and to a lesser ex
Page 28 and 29: 18 ANNEXES
Page 30 and 31: 20 1.3 Food based interventions for
Page 32 and 33: 22 (including lipid-based nutrient
Page 34 and 35: 24 Outputs: 2.1 Quality nutritional
Page 36 and 37: 26 Outcome 3 Project description In
Page 38 and 39: 28 traders/importers of breast milk
Page 40 and 41: 30 Outcome 4 Project description In
Page 42 and 43: 32 conducted for a specific target
Page 44 and 45: 34 reducing missed opportunities 4.
Page 46 and 47: 36 5.2 Nutrition is integrated into
Page 48 and 49: 38 5.2.2 Establish a mechanism for
Page 50 and 51: 40 implement quality nutrition prog
Page 54 and 55: 44 As highlighted by the Post Gu 20
Page 56 and 57: 46 Regarding iodine, interestingly,
Page 58 and 59: 48 At household level, indicators o
Page 60 and 61: 50 Furthermore, adequate complement
Page 62 and 63: 52 Only just over half of household
Page 64 and 65: 54 4.4 Management of moderate acute
Page 66 and 67: 56 Table 1: SWOT Analysis of curren
Page 68 and 69: 58 WHO/UNICEF Strengthening GAVI He
Page 70 and 71: 60 In this section, internationally
Page 72 and 73: 62 The advantages of LNS pertinent
Page 74 and 75: 64 Outcome 5 Nutrition is mainstrea
Page 76 and 77: 66 Annex 5 Copenhagen Consensus 200
Page 78 and 79: 68 Key References Bhutta ZA, Ahmed

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