APSS 2013 Proceedings - The University of Sydney

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Aust. Poult. Sci. Symp. 2013.....24 b) Gentle pecking During in-situ observations, birds that were beak-trimmed were observed to perform more gentle pecking directed at pen mates. This could possibly be due to compensatory exploratory pecks performed as a result of reduced mechanoreception and magnetoreception in the beak following beak-trimming (Freire et al., 2010). Identified as a ‘normal’ behaviour, it is also acknowledged that gentle pecking at the feathers of other birds may become abnormal (McAdie and Keeling, 2002). This may occur due to an increase in frequency of pecks, hence appearing stereotypic, or for the pecks to increase in severity and develop into severe FP. Although it has been hypothesised that gentle FP may be a precursor of severe FP (Newberry et al., 2007), it has been suggested that gentle pecking at a young age may represent other motivations such as social exploration and not indicative of adult bird behaviour (Riedstra and Groothuis, 2002; Rodenburg et al., 2004). The higher incidence of gentle FP in the beaktrimmed birds in this experiment may be an expression of social exploration and investigation and not related to the incidence of severe FP, but comparisons will be conducted between the data from the rearing period and information on severe FP from the laying period. c) Open-field Test Freezing, number of movements and quantity and volume of vocalisations in an OFT all indicate fearfulness and the coping strategy adopted by an animal in fearful situations. The results from this experiment show that birds from enriched environments freeze for longer (i.e. took longer to perform their initial step) and beak-trimmed birds from enriched pens had lower activity levels in the OFT (indicated by fewer movements). Additionally, birds that were not beak-trimmed vocalised more and at louder volumes than beak-trimmed birds. These results could therefore indicate that beak-trimmed birds from enriched environments adopt more passive coping styles in fear-eliciting situations. It has yet to be determined whether the birds exhibiting active or passive coping styles in the OFT will be more likely to exhibit severe FP when older. 20 Movements in Open-field test Movements 15 10 5 a Enriched + Not trimmed a ab Not-enriched + Beaktrimmed Not-enriched + Not Treatment trimmed b Enriched + Beaktrimmed Figure 1 - Movements in open-field test were quantified by the use of a 3 x 3 grid marked on the floor. One movement consisted of crossing a grid boundary. The test was conducted for a 5 min period for each focal bird at 11 weeks of age. The BT birds from pens that received EE performed significantly fewer movements as denoted by the lower case letters generated by the least significant difference (LSD). 194
Aust. Poult. Sci. Symp. 2013.....24 V. CONCLUSIONS As FP is a multi-factorial problem with developmental causes that are not fully understood, it is important to identify the causal factors of the behaviour when aiming to minimise its expression in commercial settings. The preliminary analysis of data from the rearing phase in the present experiment have shown some interesting effects of BT and EE on the performance of pecking behaviour and the responsiveness of birds in the open-field test. The latter is potentially indicative of how birds may react when challenged, for example when being pecked. The data from this experiment relating to gentle FP, ground-pecking and behaviour in the OFT during the rearing period, will be compared to the expression of FP in the same flock during the laying period. As the rearing period is thought to be a time of great importance for the development of behaviours later in life (Bestman et al., 2009), these findings may contribute to the current understanding of the development of FP behaviours in free-range laying hens. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: Kate Hartcher is the recipient of a Poultry CRC scholarship, and project funding was provided by the Australian Egg Corporation Limited. REFERENCES Bestman M, Koene P, Wagenaar JP (2009) Applied Animal Behaviour Science 121, 120-125. Brunberg E, Jensen P, Isaksson A, Keeling L (2011) Poultry Science 90, 1145-1152. Freire R, Eastwood MA and Joyce M (2010) Journal of Animal Science 89, 1201-1206. Huber-Eicher B and Wechsler B (1997) Animal Behaviour 54, 757-768. Jensen P, Keeling L, Schutz K, Andersson L, Mormede P, Brandstrom H, Forkman B, Kerje S, Fredriksson R, Ohlsson C, Larsson S, Mallmin H, Kindmark A (2005) Physiology & Behaviour 86, 52-60. Jones RB, Blokhuis HJ, Beuving G (1995) British Poultry Science 36, 525-530. McAdie TM and Keeling LJ (2002) Applied Animal Behaviour Science 75, 147-159. Newberry RC, Keeling LJ, Estevez I, Bilcik B (2007) Applied Animal Behaviour Science 107, 262-274. Petek M and McKinstry JL (2010) Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, Uludag Universitesi 29, 61- 68. Riedstra B and Groothuis TGG (2002) Applied Animal Behaviour Science 77, 127-138. Rodenburg TB, Buitenhuis AJ, Ask B, Uitdehaag KA, Koene P, van der Poel JJ, van Arendonk JAM, Bovenhuis H (2004) Behaviour Genetics 34, 407-415. 195
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24 th ANNUAL AUSTRALIAN POULTRY SCI
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AUSTRALIAN POULTRY SCIENCE SYMPOSIU
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AUSTRALIAN POULTRY AWARD The Austra
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CONTENTS THE IMPORTANCE OF THE POUL
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SHORT COMMUNICATION SESSION # 1: (c
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SHORT COMMUNICATION SESSTION # 2: (
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HOT TOPIC 2: EMERGING DISEASES AND
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Aust. Poult. Sci. Symp. 2013.....24
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INTERACTIVE EFFECTS OF EXOGENOUS EN
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microbiota to favor an increased ac
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AUTHOR INDEX Name Page(s) Email Add
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Klein-Hessling, H 207 hkleinhesslin
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Van de Wouw, A 247 nnet.vandewouw@w
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