APSS 2013 Proceedings - The University of Sydney

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Aust. Poult. Sci. Symp. 2013.....24 become contaminated with organisms which cause or carry disease to an extent which could seriously prejudice the health of turkeys. The potential disease/pathogen risk pathways on commercial turkey farms have shown that drinking water, movement of personnel between sites/farms and contact with wild birds were the main potential pathways for pathogen transfer to domestic turkeys (Rawdon et al., 2008). Apart from Avian Influenza, Blackhead is one of the most serious poultry diseases in turkeys; mortality can reach 70% in some flocks. Early signs of this disease include drowsiness, drooping of the head and wings, walking with an unusual gait, soiled vent feathers due to diarrhoea and bright yellow faeces resulting from infection of the liver (Beyer and Moritz, 2000). V. PICKUP AND TRANSPORT The pick-up of turkeys from sheds for transport to processing plant can result in welfare concerns. Catchers are often required to carry birds upside down through a shed to a truck outside especially when the containers cannot be taken inside the shed for biosecurity reasons. Birds are usually caught by one or both legs and then placed into the crate. During this procedure the heads or wings of the birds can be injured against the solid sides of the crates (Kannan and Mench, 1996). Mortality has long been a concern in relation to poultry transport. When birds are being transported they are exposed to a number of stressors including temperature extremes, sudden acceleration and braking of the vehicle, vibration, abrasion on the crates, fasting, withdrawal of water, social disruption and noise. The major threat to bird welfare during transport is increased mortality due to either heat or cold stress and muscle damage (Kowalski et al., 2001). VI. CONCLUSION The welfare of turkeys can be affected during most processes in the production chain. Genetic selection, housing conditions, transport and slaughter can all be causes of poor welfare. The major issues are concerns associated with disease, poor locomotion due to high growth rate, chronic pain from beak trimming, eye abnormalities from being housed under low light intensity, behavioral problems caused by high stocking density, lack of enrichment in the turkey house and in the free range and poor air quality in turkey sheds. Depopulation of sheds and transport and slaughter can also result in poor welfare for birds. Changes in the current practices may lead to higher costs which cannot be sustained by producers. REFERENCES Abdel-Rahman MA (2005) Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal 51, (104): 1-13. Barber CL, Prescott NB, Wathes CM, Sueur C, Perry GC (2004) Animal Welfare 13 (2): 211- 224. Beyer RS, Moritz JS (2000) Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, March Bulletin. Burs M, Faruga A (2006) Polish Journal of Natural Sciences 21, (2): 647-657. Carlile, FS (1984) World’s Poultry Science Journal, 40: 99-113 Fallschissel K, Klug K, Kaempfer P, Jaeckel U (2009) Proceedings of the 14th International Congress of the International Society for Animal Hygiene, Vechta, Germany. Fasenko GM, (1997) Poultry Research Centre News, University of Alberta. Vol 6 No 1. 216
Aust. Poult. Sci. Symp. 2013.....24 Glatz PC, (2005) Poultry Welfare Issues-Beak trimming. Nottingham University Press, Nottingham, UK. Hester PY, Kohl H (1989) Effect of intermittent lighting and time of hatch on large broadbreasted white turkeys. Poultry Science 68: 528-538 Kannan C, Mench JA (1996) British Poultry Science 37: 21-31 Kijowski J, Mikoajczak A, Kwitowski M, Nencki J, Sliga M (2005) Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences 14 (Suppl.1): 75-78 Kowalski A, Mormede P, Jakubowski K, Jedlinska-Krakowska M. (2001) Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences 4 (2): 65-69 Martrenchar A, Boilletot E, Huonnic D, Pol F (2001) Preventive Veterinary Medicine 52 (3/4): 213-226. Nestor KE, Bacon WL, Saif YM, Renner PA (1985) Poultry Science 64: 2248-2255 Rawdon T, Tana T, Frazer J, Thornton R, Chrystal N (2008) Surveillance 35 (4): 4-9. Spindler B, Hartung J (2009) Proceedings of the 14th International Congress of the International Society for Animal Hygiene, Vechta, Germany. Wathes CM (1998) World’s Poultry Science Journal 54: 241-251. 217
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24 th ANNUAL AUSTRALIAN POULTRY SCI
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AUSTRALIAN POULTRY SCIENCE SYMPOSIU
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AUSTRALIAN POULTRY AWARD The Austra
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CONTENTS THE IMPORTANCE OF THE POUL
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SHORT COMMUNICATION SESSION # 1: (c
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SHORT COMMUNICATION SESSTION # 2: (
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HOT TOPIC 2: EMERGING DISEASES AND
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INTERACTIVE EFFECTS OF EXOGENOUS EN
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microbiota to favor an increased ac
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AUTHOR INDEX Name Page(s) Email Add
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Klein-Hessling, H 207 hkleinhesslin
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Van de Wouw, A 247 nnet.vandewouw@w
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