PHYS01200704032 Debes Ray - Homi Bhabha National Institute

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Chapter 7 Interaction of Gold Nanoparticle with Proteins 7.1. Introduction The interfacing of nanoparticle with biomolecules such as protein is useful for applications ranging from nano-biotechnology (molecular diagnostics and biosensors) to medicine (therapeutic and drug delivery) to nano-electronics [1,19]. For example, the recognition properties of proteins are used in sensing and assembly of nanoparticles in to controlled structures. A better understanding of the biological effects requires knowledge of the binding properties of proteins that associate with the nanoparticle. The affinity of protein towards nanoparticles is modulated by surface properties of nanoparticles through its chemical composition, shape and size of the nanoparticles, surface functionalization, charge density etc. The conjugation of proteins with nanoparticles not only introduces biocompatible functionalities into these systems but also leads to the stabilization of the complex. The different interactions involved in nanoparticle-protein conjugate systems are van der Waals forces, electrostatic forces, hydrogen bonding etc. depending on the constituents participating in the system. The interplay of these interactions decides the formation of nanoparticleprotein conjugate structures [216-219]. There are many ways for the formation of nanoparticle-protein conjugates [216-219]. The four main approaches have been utilized so far are: (i) electrostatic adsorption, (ii) conjugation to the ligand on the nanoparticle surface, (ii) conjugation to a small cofactor molecule that the protein can recognize and bind and (iv) direct conjugation to the 154
Chapter 7: Interaction of Gold Nanoparticle with Proteins nanoparticle surface. The adsorption of various proteins on gold nanoparticles has been examined under different conditions by varying protein concentration, solution temperature, pH, ionic strength etc. It has been found that the amount of protein, the composition of the protein layer, the conformational changes or rearrangement of the proteins on the particle surface vary depending on the conditions used. The nanoparticle size also strongly influences the amount of adsorbed protein and their conformational modifications. Recently, the concept of protein corona, a dynamic layer of proteins that covers the surface of nanoparticles when they come into contact with biological fluids, has been introduced. The composition of this layer depends on the affinity of the different proteins for a given nanoparticle surface. A number of techniques have been used to determine the protein-nanoparticle interactions and resultant conjugate structures [216-219]. In this chapter, we have examined the interaction of our synthesized gold nanoparticles with proteins. For this purpose, we have first optimized the synthesis to minimize any direct interaction of proteins with the block copolymer, where a stable high yield synthesis with additional reductant can be achieved for very low block copolymer concentration [220]. The interaction of these gold nanoparticles is investigated with two model proteins [lysozyme and bovine serum albumin (BSA)] at physiological conditions [221]. Lysozyme is relatively a small protein with a molecular weight of 14.4 kDa containing 129 amino acids and 4 disulfide bridges. It has an isoelectric point at pH 11. BSA has a molecular weight of 66.4 kDa and consists of 583 amino acids in a single polypeptide chain. This protein contains 17 disulfide bridges and its isoelectric point is at pH 4.7. The interaction of gold nanoparticle with proteins has been studied by UV-visible spectroscopy, zeta potential and SANS. 155
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SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF B
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STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertati
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DECLARATION I, hereby declare that
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Acknowledgements I would like to ex
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2. BLOCK COPOLYMER-MEDIATED SYNTHES
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5. CORRELATING BLOCK COPOLYMER SELF
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SYNOPSIS OF THE THESIS TO BE SUBMIT
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synthesis for its dependence on gol
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interactions between the templating
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utilized in the formation of nanopa
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nanoparticle-protein conjugate conf
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1. The len
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Figure 4.2. UV-visible absorption s
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Figure 5.9. (a) Absorbance (Abs max
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Figure 7.5. Integrated absorbance o
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Chapter 1 Synthesis, Characterizati
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Chapter 1: Synthesis, Characterizat
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Chapter 2 Block Copolymer-mediated
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Chapter 2: Block Copolymer-mediated
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Time-dependent Absorbance Chapter 2
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Chapter 3: Multi-Technique Approach
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d/d (Q) (cm -1 ) S(Q) P(Q) Chapter
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d/d (cm -1 ) P(Q) Chapter 3: Multi-
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Chapter 4 Optimization of the Block
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Chapter 4: Optimization of the Bloc
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SPR Peak Absorbance Absorbance Chap
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Absorbance Integrated Absorbance /
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Absorbance Chapter 4: Optimization
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SPR peak absorbance Chapter 4: Opti
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d/d (cm -1 ) Chapter 4: Optimizatio
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PHYS01200704032 Debes Ray - Homi Bhabha National Institute

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