PHYS01200704032 Debes Ray - Homi Bhabha National Institute

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Chapter 1: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications of Gold Nanoparticles absorption enables to modify the optical response of their local environment [9]. In the medical area, photo-thermal cancer therapy based on gold nanoparticles is a very promising technique, where gold nanoparticles absorb light energy transmitted through biologic tissues and transform it into heat which diffuses toward local environment. By using an appropriate targeting method for carrying particles close to affected cells, the latter will be destroyed by overheating. One may also take advantage of this local heating around particles for inducing local phase or morphology transformation in the surrounding medium. On the one hand, this can enable the measurement of nanoscale heat transfer through the investigation of such phase transformations. On the other hand, this could be used to modify the global medium optical properties. This effect has been supposed to be at the origin of the optical limitation phenomenon in colloidal solutions (induced light scattering by formation of gas bubbles around gold colloids) [30]. Metal nanoparticles are also considered as model defects for studying the damage of optical devices induced by powerful lasers. The dynamics of the light-heat conversion in a gold nanoparticle and of the thermal release toward its environment appears then to be a relevant issue in all these domains. 1.3. Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Methods to synthesize gold nanoparticles have been known for centuries, but only in the last half century have reliable methods been developed to synthesize them in high yield and in a variety of sizes and shapes [31-35]. Since most of the applications, particularly biological, are dependent on size and shape of gold nanoparticles, therefore use of appropriate method for their controlled synthesis is one the important issues of consideration. Gold nanoparticles can be synthesized in organic or aqueous media. There are two approaches for synthesis of nanomaterials, top-down and bottom-up, as shown in Figure 1.4. Both approaches play very important role in modern industry involving nanotechnology [36]. 10
Chapter 1: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications of Gold Nanoparticles Figure 1.4. Schematic representation of the building up of nanoparticles. 1.3.1. Top-Down Approach The top-down approach is a subtractive process starting from bulk materials to make nanomaterials. This approach involves division of bulk material or miniaturization of bulk fabrication process to produce the desired structure with the appropriate properties. This includes some of the following commonly used methods: (i) Attrition or Ball milling 11
Page 1 and 2: SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF B
Page 3 and 4: STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertati
Page 5 and 6: DECLARATION I, hereby declare that
Page 7 and 8: Acknowledgements I would like to ex
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Page 23 and 24: LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1. The len
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Chapter 3: Multi-Technique Approach
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d/d (Q) (cm -1 ) S(Q) P(Q) Chapter
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d/d (cm -1 ) P(Q) Chapter 3: Multi-
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Chapter 4 Optimization of the Block
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Chapter 4: Optimization of the Bloc
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SPR Peak Absorbance Absorbance Chap
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Absorbance Integrated Absorbance /
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Absorbance Chapter 4: Optimization
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SPR peak absorbance Chapter 4: Opti
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d/d (cm -1 ) Chapter 4: Optimizatio
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g I ()-1 Integrated Scattering Inte
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Relative number (%) Chapter 4: Opti
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Chapter 5 Correlating Block Copolym
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Chapter 5: Correlating Block Copoly
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d/d (cm -1 ) Chapter 5: Correlating
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Absorbance Absorbance Chapter 5: Co
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Integrated Absorbance / Yield Absor
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Absorbance Absorbance Chapter 5: Co
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Chapter 6 High-Yield Synthesis of G
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Chapter 6: High-Yield Synthesis of
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Absorbance Chapter 6: High-Yield Sy
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Absorbance Chapter 6: High-Yield Sy
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d/d (cm -1 ) Chapter 6: High-Yield
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d/d (cm -1 ) Chapter 6: High-Yield
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Intensity (a.u.) Chapter 6: High-Yi
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g I ()-1 Chapter 6: High-Yield Synt
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Absorbance Integrated Absorbance /
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Chapter 7: Interaction of Gold Nano
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d/d (cm -1 ) Absorbance Chapter 7:
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Integrated Absorbance / Yield (a.u.
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Absorbance Absorbance Chapter 7: In
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d/d (cm -1 ) Chapter 7: Interaction
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d/d (cm -1 ) d/d (cm -1 ) Chapter 7
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Chapter 8: Summary Chapter 1 introd
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Chapter 8: Summary hence synthesis.
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Chapter 8: Summary irrespective of
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24. R. Elghanian, J.J. Storhoff, R.
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69. J.F. Hainfeld, D.N. Slatkin, T.
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119. N.S. Cameron, M.K. Corbierre a
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165. J.H. Lambert, Photometria sive
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210. D. Ray and V.K. Aswal, Confere
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9. SANS Studies of Temperature-depe
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14. Multi-technique Approach for th
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PHYS01200704032 Debes Ray - Homi Bhabha National Institute

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